Skip to main content

Parallel inference machines

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Future Parallel Computers

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 272))

Abstract

This paper gives a description of parallel approaches to logic programming. It offers proposals for making use of parallelism within the whole proof process including unification. By using dags (directed acyclic graphs) as a way of representing formulas, the inherent parallelism is analyzed in a much more detailed way than the one provided by AND-/OR-parallelism. From this analysis an architecture for a parallel proof machine is derived that includes essential features from the new L-machine. Under this view other parallel systems for logic programming are outlined.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. AHO, A. V., HOPCROFT, J. E., and ULLMAN, J. D.; Design and Analysis of Computer Algorithms; Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  2. ANDERSON, J., COATES, W.S., DAVIS, A.L., HON, R.W., ROBINSON, I.R., ROBINSON, S.V., and STEVENS, K.S.; The Architecture of FAIM-1; Computer 20, 55–67 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  3. ASO, M. and ONAI, R.; XP's: An Extended OR-Parallel Prolog System; Techn. Rep. TR 023, ICOT, Tokyo (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  4. ASPETSBERGER, K. and KURFESS, F.; Report on the analysis of several possible parallel multi-processor machine architectures; ATP 57, Forschungsgruppe Kuenstliche Intelligenz, Techn. Universitaet, Muenchen (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  5. BACHINGER, J.; Implementierung eines parallelen Theorembewisers und Simulation der Ausfuehrung auf einer Mehrprozessormaschine; Institut fuer Informatik, Techn. Universitaet, Muenchen (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  6. BIBEL, W.; Automated Theorem Proving; Vieweg, Braunschweig, Wiesbaden (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  7. BIBEL, W.; On Matrices with Connections; J.ACM 28, 633–645 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  8. BIBEL, W.; Matings in Matrices; Comm. of the ACM 26, 844–852 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  9. W. BIBEL and K. ASPETSBERGER; A Bibliography on Parallel Inference Machines; Symbolic Computation 1, 115–118 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  10. BIBEL, W. and BUCHBERGER, B.; Towards a Connection Machine for Logic Inference; Future Generations Computer Systems 3, 177–188 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  11. BIBEL, W. and JORRAND, P. (eds.); Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence; LNCS 232, Springer, Berlin (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  12. BIBEL, W., LETZ, R., and SCHUMANN, J.; Bottom-up enhancements of deductive systems; ATP 67, Forschungsgruppe Kuenstliche Intelligenz, Techn. Universitaet, Muenchen (1986, submitted to IJCAI '87)

    Google Scholar 

  13. BUCHBERGER, B.; Computer Trees and their Programming; 4th Coll. Trees in Algebra and Programming, Lille, 1–18 (78)

    Google Scholar 

  14. BUCHBERGER, B.; Components for Restructurable Multi-Microprocessor Systems of Arbitrary Topology; MIMI 83, Lugano, 67–71 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  15. BUCHBERGER, B.; The Present State of the L-Network Project; MIMI 84, Bari, 178–181 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  16. BUCHBERGER, B.; The L-Machine: An Attempt at Parallel Hardware for Symbolic Computation.; Proc. AAECC-3, LNCS 229, Springer, Berlin (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  17. BUCHBERGER, B., ASPETSBERGER, K., FUNK, G., HINTENAUS, P., KASS, P., KUSCHE, K., and, F. LICHTENBERGER; The New L-Machine: A Parallel Machine for Symbolic and Numerical Computation; RISC, University of Linz, Austria (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  18. CIEPIELEWSKI, A. and HARIDI, S.; Execution of Bagof on the OR-parallel Token Machine; Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Fifth Generation Comp. Systems, 551–562 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  19. CLARK, K. and GREGORY, St.; Parlog: Parallel Programming in Logic; Dep. of Computing, Imperial College of Sc. and Technology, London (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  20. CLOCKSIN, W.; Design and Implementation of a Sequential PROLOG Machine; New Generation Computing 3/1, 101–119 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  21. CLOCKSIN, W. and MELLISH, C.; Programming in PROLOG; Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  22. CONERY, J. S.; The AND/OR Process Model for Parallel Execution of Logic Programs; Univ. of California, Irvine (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  23. DARLINGTON, J. and REEVE, M.; ALICE and the Parallel Evaluation of Logic Programs; The 10th Annual Int. Symp. on Comp. Architecture, Stockholm (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  24. de GROOT, D.; Restricted AND-Parallelism; Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Fifth Generation Computer Systems, 471–478 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  25. DENNING, P.J.; Parallel Computing and Its Evolution; Comm. ACM 29, 1163–1169 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  26. DIEL, H., LENZ, N., and WELSCH, H. M.; System Structure for Parallel Logic Programming; FGCS 2, 225–231 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  27. DILGER, W. and JANSON, A.; Intelligent Backtracking in Deduction Systems by Means of Extended Unification Graphs; Journal of Automated Reasoning 2, 43–62 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  28. DWORK, C., KANELLAKIS, P., and STOCKMEYER, L.; Parallel Algorithms for Term Matching; Proc. CADE 8, Oxford, 416–430 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  29. FAHLMAN, S.E. and HINTON, G.E.; Connectionist Architectures for Artificial Intelligence; Computer 20, 100–118 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  30. GEORGESCU, Ioan; An Inference Processor based on reactive memory; Inst. for Comp. and Inform., Dep. of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence, Bucharest (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  31. GILOI, W. K.; Advanced Object Oriented Architectures; Future Generation Computer Systems 1/3, 169–175 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  32. GOTO, A., TANAKA, H., and MOTO-OKA, T.; Highly Parallel Inference Engine: PIE. Goal Rewriting Model and Machine Architecture; New Generation Computing 1, (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  33. GOTO, A., TANAKA, H., and MOTO-OKA, T.; Highly Parallel Inference Engine: PIE. Goal Rewriting Model and Machine Architecture; New Generation Computing 2, 37–85 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  34. GOTO, A. and UCHIDA, S.; Current Research Status of PIM: Parallel Inference Machine; Proceedings of the Third Japanese-Swedish Workshop, (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  35. GUPTA, A., FORGY, C., NEWELL, A., and WEDIG, R.; Parallel Algorithms and Architectures for Rule-Based Systems; Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  36. HAYNES, L.S., LAU, R.L., SIEWIOREK, D.P., and MIZELL, D.W.; A Survey of Highly Parallel Computing; Computer 1, 9–24 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  37. HERMENEGILDO, M.V.; An Abstract Machine for Restricted AND-Parallel Execution of Logic Programs; Third Int. Conf. on Logic Programming '86, 25–39 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  38. HERMENEGILDO, M.V. and NASR, R.I.; Efficient Management of Backtracking in AND-Parallelism; Third Int. Conf. on Logic Programming '86, 40–54 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  39. HILLIS, D. W.; The Connection Machine; MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts USA (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  40. HILLIS, W.D. and STEELE, G.L.; Data Parallel Algorithms; Comm. ACM 29, 1170–1183 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  41. HINTON, G. P., SEJNOWSKI, T. J., and ACKLEY, D. H.; Boltzmann Machines: Constraint Satisfaction Networks that Learn; Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Computer Science, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  42. GHOSH, K. HWANG, J. R. CHOKWANYUN; Computer Architectures for Artificial Intelligence Processing; Computer 20, 19–30 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  43. INMOS; Occam Programming Manual; Prentice/Hall, New Jersey (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  44. ITO, N., ONAI, R., MASUDA, K., and SHIMIZU, H.; Parallel Prolog Machine Based on Data Flow Mechanism; Proc. of the Logic Programming Conference, ICOT, Tokyo (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  45. JORRAND, P.; Term Rewriting as a Basis for the Design of a Functional and Parallel Programming Language. A case study: the Language FP2; in: [BiJ], 221–276 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  46. JORRAND, P.; Design and Implementation of a Parallel Inference Machine for First Order Logic: An Overview; LIFIA, University of Grenoble, (to appear in Proc. PARLE '86)

    Google Scholar 

  47. KASIF, S.; On the Parallel Complexity of Some Constraint Satisfaction Problems; AAAI '86, 349–353 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  48. KASIF, S., KOHLI, M., and MINKER, J.; PRISM: A Parallel Inference System for Problem Solving; Proceedings of the Logic Programming Workshop '83, 123–152 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  49. KASIF, S., REIF, J. H., and SHERLEKAR, D. D.; Formula Dissection: A Parallel Algorithm for Constraint Satisfaction; submitted to IJCAI '87, Milano (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  50. KOWALSKI, R.; Logic for Problem Solving; North-Holland, New York (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  51. KUNG, C.-H.; High Parallelism and a Proof Procedure; Decision Support Systems 1, 323–331 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  52. KURSAWE, P.; How to Invent a Prolog Machine; Third Int. Conf. on Logic Programming '86, 135–148 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  53. LERNER, M.D., MAGUIRE, G.Q., and STOLFO, S.J.; An overview of the DADO parallel computer; National Computer Conference, 298–306 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  54. LI, G. and WAH, B.W.; MANIP-2: A Multicomputer Architecture for Evaluating Logic Programs; Intern. Conf. on Parallel Processing, 123–130 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  55. NAKAZAKI, R., KONAGAYA, A., HABATA, S., SHIMAZU, H., UMEMURA, M., YAMAMOTO, M., YOKOTA, M., and CHIKAYAMA, T.; Design of a High-Speed Prolog Machine; 12th Ann. Int. Symp. on Comp. Arch., 191–197 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  56. ONAI, R., ASOU, M., and TAKEUCHI, A.; An Approach to a Parallel Inference Machine Based on Control-Driven and Data-Driven Mechanisms; Tech. Rep. TR-042, ICOT, Tokyo (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  57. PADUA, D.A. and WOLFE, M.J.; Advanced Compiler Optimizations for Supercomputers; Comm. ACM 29, 1184–1200 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  58. PERLIS, D.; Languages with Self-Reference I: Foundations; Artificial Intelligence 3, 301–322 (85)

    Google Scholar 

  59. PLAISTED, D.A.; The Occur-Check Problem in Prolog; New Generation Computing 2, 309–322 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  60. RETTBERG, R. and THOMAS, R.; Contention is no Obstacle to Shared-Memory Multiprocessing; Comm. ACM 29, 1202–1212 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  61. ROBINSON, I.; A Prolog Processor Based on a Pattern Matching Memory Device; Third Int. Conf. on Logic Programming, 172–179 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  62. ROHMER, J., GONZALEZ-RUBIO, R., and BRADIER, A.; Delta Driven Computer: A Parallel Machine for Symbolic Processing; (this volume), ()

    Google Scholar 

  63. SEITZ, Charles L.; Concurrent VLSI Architectures; IEEE Transactions on Computers 12, 1247–1265 (84)

    Google Scholar 

  64. SHAPIRO, E.; Concurrent PROLOG: A Progress Report; in [BiJ], 277–313 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  65. SHAPIRO, E.Y.; Lecture notes on the Bagel: A Systolic Concurrent PROLOG Machine; TM 0031, ICOT, Tokyo (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  66. SHAW, D.E.; Non-Von: A Parallel Machine Architecture for Knowledge Based Information Processing.; Proc. IJCAI '81, 961–963 (81)

    Google Scholar 

  67. SOHMA, Y., SATOH, K., KUMON, K., MASUZAWA, H., ITASHIKI, A.; A New Parallel Inference Mechanism based on Sequential Processing; IFIP TC-10 Working Conference on Fifth Generation Computer Architecture, UMIST, Manchester (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  68. STANFILL, C. and WALTZ, D.; Toward Memory-Based Reasoning; Comm. ACM 29, 1213–1228 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  69. STOLFO, S.J.; Initial Performance of the DADO-2 Prototype; Computer 20, 75–85 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  70. SYRE, J.-C.; A Review of Computer Architectures for Functional and Logic Programming Systems; ECRC, Munich, Germany (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  71. TAKEUCHI, A. and FURUKAWA, K.; Parallel Logic Programming Languages; Third Int. Conf. on Logic Programming, 242–254 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  72. TAKI, K., YOKOTA, M., YAMAMOTO, A.,, NISHIKAWA, H., UCHIDA, S., NAKASHIMA, H., and MITSUISHI, A.; Hardware Design and Implementation of PSI; Proc. of the Intern. Conf. on Fifth Generation Computer Systems '84, ICOT, Tokyo (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  73. TAMURA, N. and KANADA, Y.; Implementing Parallel Prolog on a Multiprocessor Machine; Proc. of the Int. Symp. on Logic Programming '84, Atlantic City, New Jersey (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  74. TAYLOR, S., MAIO, C., STOLFO, S.J., and SHAW, D.E.; Prolog on the DADO Machine: A Parallel System for High-speed Logic Programming; Dep. of Comp. Sc., Columbia Univ., New York (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  75. TICK, E. and WARREN, D.H.D.; Towards a Pipelined Prolog Processor; New Generation Computing, 321–345 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  76. TRELEAVEN, P.C. and REFENES, A.N.; Fifth Generation and VLSI Architectures; FGCS 6, 387–396 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  77. TRELEAVEN, P.C., REFENES, A.N., LEES, K.J., and McCABE, S.C.; Computer Architectures for Artificial Intelligence; University College, London, (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  78. WAH, B.J.; Guest Editor's Introduction: New Computers for Artificial Intelligence Processing; Computer 20, 10–19 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  79. WARREN, D.H.D.; An Abstract Prolog Instruction Set; SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, Menlo Park, California (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  80. WESTPHAL, H.; Eine Beurteilung paralleler Modelle fuer Prolog; Tagungsband GI-Jahrestagung '86, 227–240 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  81. YASUURA, H.; On Parallel Computational Complexity of Unification; Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Fifth Gener. Comp. Systems, 235–243 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

P. Treleaven M. Vanneschi

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Bibel, W., Kurfeß, F., Aspetsberger, K., Hintenaus, P., Schumann, J. (1987). Parallel inference machines. In: Treleaven, P., Vanneschi, M. (eds) Future Parallel Computers. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 272. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-18203-9_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-18203-9_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-18203-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-47806-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics