Approximation Hardness of Bounded Degree MIN-CSP and MIN-BISECTION

Abstract

We consider bounded occurrence (degree) instances of a minimum constraint satisfaction problem MIN-LIN2 and a MIN-BISECTION problem for graphs. MIN-LIN2 is an optimization problem for a given system of linear equations mod 2 to construct a solution that satisfies the minimum number of them. E3-OCC-MIN-E3-LIN2 is the bounded occurrence (degree) problem restricted as follows: each equation has exactly 3 variables and each variable occurs in exactly 3 equations. Clearly, MIN-LIN2 is equivalent to another well known problem, the Nearest Codeword problem, and E3-OCC-MIN-E3-LIN2 to its bounded occurrence version. MIN-BISECTION is a problem of finding a minimum bisection of a graph, while 3-MIN-BISECTION is the MIN-BISECTION problem restricted to 3-regular graphs only. We show that, somewhat surprisingly, these two restricted problems are exactly as hard to approximate as their general versions. In particular, an approximation ratio lower bound for E3-OCC-MIN-E3-LIN2 (bounded 3-occurrence 3-ary Nearest Codeword problem) is equal to MIN-LIN2 (Nearest Codeword problem) lower bound n ^{Ω(1)/log log n}. Moreover, an existence of a constant factor approximation ratio (or a PTAS) for 3-MIN-BISECTION entails existence of a constant approximation ratio (or a PTAS) for the general MIN-BISECTION.

Visiting from Pensylvania State University. Partially supported by DFG grant Bo 56/157-1 and NSF grant CCR-9700053.

Research partially done while visiting Dept. of Computer Science, Yale University. Supported in part by DFG grants KA 673/4-1 and Bo 56/157, DIMACS, and IST grant 14036 (RAND-APX).