Abstract
Motivation: Gene chips or microarrays have made it possible to perform large-scale gene-expression experiments at the wholegenome level. To reduce the cost and identify genes that are differentially expressed between samples from hybridization signal intensity, we are proposing a suite of methods to use a relatively small number of short oligo probes for whole-genome or tissue-specific gene-expression studies. Results: We present methods to choose a set of short oligos to design a genome or tissue-specific biochip and then to solve a set of equations for gene-expression levels to determine genes that are differentially expressed between samples. The methods have been tested to define a set of 4,000 8mers as probes to identify genes that have fold changes for more than 6,000 identified yeast ORFs. These methods can also be expanded to design genome-specific or tissue-specific biochips for other organisms with full gene-sequence information.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Zhang, L. Zhou, W., Velculescu, V.E., Kern, S.E., Hruban, R.H., Hamilton, S.R., Vogelstein, B. and Kinzler, K.W. (1997) Gene expression profiles in normal and cancer cells. Science 276, 1268–1272.
Golub, T.R., Slonim, D.K., Tamayo, P., Huard, C., Gaasenbeek, M., Mesirov, J.P., Coller, H., Loh, M.L., Downing, J.R., Caligiuri, M.A., Bloomfield, C.D., Lander, E.S. (1999) Molecular classification of cancer: class discovery and class prediction by gene expression monitoring. Science 286(5439), 531–537
Perou, C.M., Sorlie, T., Eisen, M.B., van de Rijn, M., Jeffrey, S.S., Rees, C.A., Pollack, J.R., Ross, D.T., Johnsen, H., Akslen, L.A., Fluge, O., Pergamenschikov, A., Williams, C., Zhu, S.X., Lonning, P.E., Borresen-Dale, A.L., Brown, P.O. and Botstein, D. (2000) Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature. 406(6797), 747–752.
Scherf, U., Ross, D.T, Waltham, M., Smith, L.H., Lee, J.K., Tanabe, L., Kohn, K.W., Reinhold, W.C., Myers, T.G., Andrews, D.T., Scudiero, D.A., Eisen, M.B., Sausville, E.A., Pommier, Y., Botstein, D., Brown, P.O. and Weinstein, J.N. (2000) A gene expression database for the molecular pharmacology of cancer. Nat. Genetics 24(3), 236–244.
Fodor, S.P., Read, J.L., Pirrung, M.C., Stryer, L., Lu, A.T., Solas, D. (1991) Lightdirected, spatially addressable parallel chemical synthesis. Science, 251(4995), 767–773.
Lockhart, D.J. et al. (1996) Expression monitoring by hybridization to high-density oligonucleotide arrays. Nat. Biotechnol. 14, 1675–1680.
Chee, M.S., Yang, R., Hubbell, E., Berno, A., Huang, X.C., Stern, D., Winkler, J., Lockhart, D.J., Morris, M.S. and Fodor, S.P.A. (1996) Accessing Genetic Information with High-Density DNA Arrays. Science 274, 610–614.
Lipshutz, R.J., Fodor, S., Gingeras, T., and Lockhart, D. (1999) High-density synthetic oligonucleotide arrays. Nat. Genet. 21 (Suppl.), 20–24.
Schena, M., Shalon, D., Davis, R.W. and Brown, P.O. (1995) Quantitative monitoring of gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microarray. Science, 270(5235), 467–470.
Blanchard, A.P. (1998) Synthetic DNA Arrays. Genetic Engineering 20, 111–123.
Blanchard, A.P. and Friend, S.H. (1999) Cheap DNA arrays—it’s not all smoke and mirrors. Nat. Biotechnol. 17(10), 953.
Hughes, T.R., Mao, M., Jones, A.R., Burchard, J., Marton, M.J., Shannon, K.W., Lefkowitz, S.M., Ziman, M., Schelter, J.M., Meyer, M.R., Kobayashi, S., Davis, C., Dai, H., He, Y.D., Stephaniants, S.B., Cavet, G., Walker, W.L., West, A., Coffey, E., Shoemaker, D.D., Stoughton, R., Blanchard, A.P., Friend, S.H. and Linsley, P.S. (2001) Expression profiling using microarrays fabricated by an ink-jet oligonucleotide synthesizer. Nat Biotechnol. 19(4), 342–347.
DeRisi, J.L., Iyer, V.R. and Brown, P.O. (1997) Exploring the Metabolic and Genetic Control of Gene Expression on a Genomic Scale, Science 278, 680–686
Cho, R.J., Campbell, M.J., Winzeler, E.A., Steinmetz, L., Conway, A., Wodicka, L., Wolfsberg TG, Gabrielian AE, Landsman D, Lockhart DJ, Davis RW. (1998) A genome-wide transcriptional analysis of the mitotic cell cycle. Mol Cell. 2(1), 65–73.
Hughes, T.R., Marton, M.J., Jones, A.R., Roberts, C.J., Stoughton, R., Armour, C.D., Bennett, H.A., Coffey, E., Dai, H., He, Y.D., Kidd, M.J., King, A.M., Meyer, M.R., Slade, D., Lum, P.Y., Stepaniants, S.B., Shoemaker, D.D., Gachotte, D., Chakraburtty, K., Simon, J., Bard, M. and Friend, S.H. (2000) Functional discovery via a compendium of expression profiles. Cell. 102(1), 109–126.
Epstein, C.B., Waddle, J.A., Hale, W. IV, Dave, V., Thornton, J., Macatee, T.L., Garner, H.R., Butow, R.A., (2001) Genome-Wide Responses to Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Mol. Biol. Cell 12, 297–308.
Cherry, J.M., Adler, C., Ball, C., Chervitz, S.A, Dwight, S.S., Hester, E.T., Jia, Y., Juvik, G., Roe, T., Schroeder, M., Weng, S. and Botstein, D. (1998) SGD: Saccharomyces Genome Database. Nucleic Acids Res., 26(1), 73–79.
van Dam, R.M. and Quake, S.R. (2002) Gene expression analysis with universal n-mer arrays. Genome Res. 12(1), 145–152.
Maskos, U. and Southern, E.M. (1993) A study of oligonucleotide reassociation using large arrays of oligonucleotides synthesized on a glass support. Nucleic Acids Res., 21, 4663–4669.
Southern, E.M., Mir, K. and Shchepinov, M. (1999) Molecular interactions on microarrays. Nat. Genet. 21, 5–9.
Schuler, G.D. (1997) Pieces of the puzzle: expressed sequence tags and the catalog of human genes. J Mol Med 75(10), 694–698.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Warren, L.L., Liu, B.H. (2002). Combinatorial Use of Short Probes for Differential Gene Expression Profiling. In: Guigó, R., Gusfield, D. (eds) Algorithms in Bioinformatics. WABI 2002. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 2452. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45784-4_37
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45784-4_37
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-44211-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-45784-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive