Abstract
Considerable research exists on providing structured access to unstructured information sources, primarily for search and query. Little attention has been placed on (1) keeping the by-products of the process (e.g., connections between structured and unstructured data are typically forgotten and context is lost), (2) developing a rich, conceptual structure for this new layer of information (e.g., the structured data is often represented in simple relational tables), and (3) further elaborating and linking the new, structured information. We propose superimposed schematics to address these issues. Superimposed schematics offer E-R modeling constructs integrated with marks, where a mark holds an address to an information element in an underlying source. A superimposed schematic enables a conceptual addressing scheme for the information it contains (directly) and for the information it references (through marks). This addressing scheme can then be used for marking from additional layers of superimposed information. We consider schematics as a useful model for superimposed information and discuss how it fits into our general research on superimposed information.
This work supported in part by the National Science Foundation through grants EIA-99-83518 and IIS-98-17492. Information and examples concerning the Forest Service and appeal decisions provided by Timothy Tolle of the USDA Forest Service
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. Abiteboul, S. Cluet, and T. Milo. Querying and updating the file. In Proc. of the 19th VLDB Conf., pp. 73–84, Aug. 1993.
M. Biezunski, M. Bryan, S. Newcomb, eds. ISO/IEC 13250, Topic Maps, 2000. http://www.ornl.gov/sgml/sc34/document/0058.htm.
P. P. Chen. The entity-relationship model—toward a unifed view of data. In ACM Trans. on Database Systems, 1(1):9–36, 1976.
L. Delcambre, et al. Structured maps: Modeling explicit semantics over a universe of information. In Intl. Journal on Digital Libraries, 1(1):20–35, 1997.
L. Delcambre and D. Maier. Models for superimposed information. In Advances in Conceptual Modeling: ER’ 9 Workshop on the WWW and Conceptual Modeling, LNCS 1727, pp. 264–280, Nov. 1999.
L. Delcambre, et al. Bundles in captivity: An application of superimposed information. In Proc. of the IEEE Intl. Conf. on Data Eng. (ICDE), pp. 111–120, Apr. 2001.
S. DeRose, E. Maler, D. Orchard, B. Trafford, eds. XML Linking Language (XLink), W3C Working Draft 21-Feb-2000. http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/WD-xlink-20000221.
R. D. Dowell, et al. The distributed annotation system. In BMC Bioinformatics, 2:(7), Oct. 2001. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/2/7
D.W. Embley, et al. A conceptual-modeling approach to extracting data from the web. In Proc. of the 17th Intl. Conf. on Conceptual Modeling, LNCS 1507, pp. 78–91, Nov. 1998.
O. Lassila and R. R. Swick (eds.). Resource Description Framework (RDF) Model and Syntax Specification, W3C Rec. 22-Feb-1999, http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax.
C. C. Marshall, F. Shipman, and J. Coombs. VIKI: Spatial hypertext supporting emergent structure. In Proc. of the European Conf. on Hypertext Technology (ECHT), pp. 13–24, Sept. 1994.
S. H. Myaeng, et al. A digital library system for easy creation/manipulation of new documents from existing resources. In Proc. of the 6th Conf. on Content-Based Multimedia and Information Access (RIAO), Apr. 2000.
J. Nanard and M. Nanard. Should anchors be typed too? An experiment with MacWeb. In Hypertext’93 Proceedings, pp. 51–62, Nov. 1993.
T. Phelps and R. Wilensky. Multivalent documents. In Communications of the ACM, 43:(6):83–90, June 2000.
A. Rajaraman and J. D. Ullman. Querying websites using compact skeletons. In Proc. of the 20th ACM Symposium on Principles of Database Systems, pp. 16–27, May 2001.
M. Rosheisen, C. Mogensen, T. Winograd. Shared web annotations as a platform for third-party value-added information providers. STAN-CS-TR-97-1582, Stanford Integrated Digital Library Project, Nov. 1997.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Bowers, S., Delcambre, L., Maier, D. (2002). Superimposed Schematics: Introducing E-R Structure for In-Situ Information Selections. In: Spaccapietra, S., March, S.T., Kambayashi, Y. (eds) Conceptual Modeling — ER 2002. ER 2002. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 2503. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45816-6_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45816-6_17
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-44277-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-45816-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive