Abstract
Real-time computer systems are characterized by the existence of timing constraints as well as logical correctness requirements on computations they carry out. The timing constraints are statically determined prior to system operation time from the characteristics of physical systems they interact with. In hard real-time systems, a timing failure is considered catastrophic and a guarantee should be given prior to runtime that every timing constraint will be satisfied throughout the system operation time. Examples are found in application domains such as avionics, process control, automated manufacturing, robotics, etc. In this paper, the issues and approaches on real-time system design will be addressed in uni-processor environment.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
N. C. Audsley. Deadline monotonic scheduling. YCS 146, University of York, Department of Computer Science, October 1990.
A. Burns. Fixed Priority Scheduling with Deadlines Prior to Completion. Technical Report YCS 212 (1993), Department of Computer Science, University of York, England, 1993.
T. Carpenter, K. Driscoll, K. Hoyme, and J. Carciofini. Arinc 659 scheduling: Problem definition. In Proc., IEEE Real-time Systems Symposium, San Juan, PR, December 1994.
S. Cheng and A. K. Agrawala. Scheduling of periodic tasks with relative timing constraints. Technical report, CS-TR-3392, UMIACS-TR-94-135, Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, December 1994.
S. Cheng and Ashok K. Agrawala. Allocation and scheduling of real-time periodic tasks with relative timing constraints. Technical Report CS-TR-3402, UMIACSTR-95-6, Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, January 1995.
H. Chetto and M. Chetto. Scheduling Periodic and Sporadic Task in a Real-Time System. Information Processing Letters, 30(4):177–184, 1989.
H. Chetto and M. Chetto. Some Results of the Earliest Deadline First Algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, SE-15(10):1261–1269, October 1989.
H. Chetto, M. Silly, and T. Bouchentouf. Dynamic Scheduling of Real-Time Tasks under Precedence Constraints. Real-Time Systems, 2:181–194, 1990.
S. Choi. End-to-end optimization in heterogeneous distributed real-time systems. In ACM/SIGPLAN Workshop on Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems, June 1998.
Seonho Choi. Dynamic Time-Based Scheduling for Hard Real-Time Systems. PhD thesis, University of Maryland at College Park, 1997.
Seonho Choi and A. K. Agrawala. Dynamic dispatching of cyclic real-time tasks with relative constraints. Technical report, CS-TR-3770, UMIACS-TR-97-30, Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, March 1997. Submitted to Journal of Real-Time System.
Seonho Choi and Ashok K. Agrawala. Dynamic dispatching of cyclic real-time tasks with relative constraints. Technical Report CS-TR-3770, UMIACS-TR-97-30, Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, March 1997.
G. Dantzig and B. Eaves. Fourier-Motzkin Elimination and its Dual. Journal of Combinatorial Theory(A), 14:288–297, 1973.
B. Dasarathy. Timing constraints for real-time systems: Constructs for expressing them, methods of validating them. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, SE-11(1):80–86, January 1985.
R. Gerber, S. Hong, and M. Saksena. Guaranteeing End-to-End Timing Constraints by Calibrating Intermediate Processes. In Proceedings IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, 1994. Also available as University of Maryland CS-TR-3274, UMIACS-TR-94-58.
R. Gerber, W. Pugh, and M. Saksena. Parametric Dispatching of Hard Real-Time Tasks. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 44(3), Mar. 1995.
M. G. Harbour, M. H. Klein, and J. P. Lehoczky. Fixed Priority Scheduling of Periodic Tasks with Varying Execution Priority. In Proceedings, IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, pages 116–128, December 1991.
X. Homayoun and P. Ramanathan. Dynamic priority scheduling of periodic and aperiodic tasks in hard real-time systems. Real-Time Systems, 6(2), March 1994.
Seung H. Hong. Scheduling Algorithm of Data Sampling Times in the Integrated Communication and Control Systems. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 3(2):225–230, June 1995.
F. Jahanian and A. K. Mok. Safety analysis of timing properties in real-time systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, SE-12(9):890–904, September 1986.
E. D. Jensen, C. D. Locke, and H. Tokuda. A Time-Driven Scheduling Model for Real-Time Operating Systems. In Proceedings, IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, pages 112–122, Dec. 1985.
M. Joseph and P. Pandya. Finding Response Times in a Real-Time System. The Computer Journal, 29(5):390–395, October 1986.
M. Klein, T. Ralya, B. Pollak, R. Obenza, and M. Harbour. A Practitioner’s Handbook for Real-Time Analysis. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993.
J. P. Lehoczky, L. Sha, and Y. Ding. The Rate Monotonic Scheduling Algorithm: Exact Characterization and Average Case Behavior. In Proceedings, IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, pages 166–171, Dec. 1989.
J. P. Lehoczky, J. Strosnider, L. Sha, and H. Tokuda. Fixed priority scheduling theory for hard real-time systems. In Proc. of the Third Annual Workshop on Foundations of Real-Time Computing, pages 49–71, Oct. 1990.
J.Y. Leung and J. Whitehead. On the Complexity of Fixed-Priority Scheduling of Periodic, Real-Time Tasks. Performance Evaluation, 2(4):237–250, 1982.
C. L. Liu and J. Layland. Scheduling Algorithm for Multiprogramming in a Hard Real-Time Environment. Journal of the ACM., 20(1):46–61, Jan. 1973.
C. D. Locke. Software architecture for hard real-time applications: Cyclic executives vs. fixed priority executives. Real-Time Systems, 4(1):37–53, March 1992.
A. K. Mok. Fundamental Design Problems for the Hard Real-time Environments. PhD thesis, MIT, May 1983.
M. Saksena. Parametric Scheduling for Hard Real-Time Systems. PhD thesis, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, 1994.
M. Saksena and A. K. Agrawala. Temporal Analysis for Hard-Real Time Scheduling. In Proceedings 12th International Phoenix Conference on Computers and Communications, pages 538–544, March 1993.
Manas Saksena. Parametric Scheduling for Hard Real-Time Systems. PhD thesis, University of Maryland at College Park, 1994.
Manas Saksena, James da Silva, and Ashok K. Agrawala. “esign and implementation of Maruti-II”, chapter 4. Prentice Hall, 1995. In Advances in Real-Time Systems, edited by Sang H. Son.
K. Schwan and H. Zhou. Dynamic Scheduling of Hard Real-Time Tasks and Real-Time Threads. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 18(8):736–748, August 1992.
L. Sha, R. Rajkumar, and J. P. Lehoczky. Priority Inheritance Protocols: An Approach to Real-Time Synchronization. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 39(9):1175–1185, September 1990.
K. Tindell, A. Burns, and A. Willings. An extendible approach for analyzing fixed priority hard real-time tasks. Real-Time Systems, 6(2), March 1994.
J. Xu and D. L. Parnas. On Satisfying Timing Constraints in Hard-Real-Time Systems. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGSOFT’91 Conference on Software for Critical Systems, pages 132–146, December 1991.
X. Yuan, M. Saksena, and A. Agrawala. A Decomposition Approach to Real-Time Scheduling. Real-Time Systems, 6(1), 1994.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Choi, S., Agrawala, A.K. (2000). Scheduling of Real-Time Tasks with Complex Constraints. In: Haring, G., Lindemann, C., Reiser, M. (eds) Performance Evaluation: Origins and Directions. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1769. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46506-5_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46506-5_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-67193-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-46506-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive