Abstract
Since the development of the first digital computer in the 1940s, the notion of computer intelligence has received considerable attention from computer scientists, philosophers, and psychologists. The question of whether it is possible to create a computer program that possesses human intelligence has spurred much debate. Turing (1950) argued that computers are not capable of thinking and provided several theological, psychological, and sociological arguments in support of his position. To determine a computer program’s intelligence, Turing proposed several benchmark methods. One such method requires humans to decide whether they are interacting with an actual computer program or another human via computer mediation. According to Turing, a computer could be described as intelligent if it could deceive a human into believing that it was human. The two studies presented here were designed to determine whether AutoTutor could pass a variation of the Turing test, the Bystander Turing Test. The subsequent sections of this paper address the following: (1) the AutoTutor system, (2) the Bystander Turing Test, (3) the two empirical studies, and (4) the conclusions of the studies.
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© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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The Tutoring Research Group., Person, N., Graesser, A.C. (2002). Human or Computer? AutoTutor in a Bystander Turing Test. In: Cerri, S.A., Gouardères, G., Paraguaçu, F. (eds) Intelligent Tutoring Systems. ITS 2002. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 2363. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-47987-2_82
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-47987-2_82
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