Abstract
In this paper, a case-based intelligent tutoring system (CBITS) using conceptual graphs to represent the cases is described. Among others, two core issues to be addressed by CBITS developers are indexing and how learning activities can be constructed from the cases. Addressing the former, the authors discovered that the minimum common generalization of a set of graphs is a powerful means of embedding different tutorial primitives into the cases. This approach provides an extremely rich indexing vocabulary for the cases and relieves the developers from speculative assignment of indexes. For constructing learning activities an operational semantics for the case graphs is defined and with this semantics the instructor can reason about the graph structure and provide intelligent guidance to the students in exploring the case contents. Newtonian mechanics is the testing domain of the proposal but its underlying methodology should be equally applicable to other subject domains.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Chase, W.G. & Simon, H.A. (1973). Perception in Chess. Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 4, pp. 55–81.
Chi, M.T.H., Bassok, M., Lewis, M.W., Reimann, P. & Glaser, R. (1989). Self-Explanation: How Students Study and Use Examples in Learning to Solve Problems, Cognitive Science, Vol. 13, pp. 145–182.
Collins, A., Brown, J.S. & Newman, S. (1989). Cognitive Apprenticeship: Teaching the crafts of Reading, Writing and Mathematics. In L.B. Resnick (Eds.) Knowing, Learning and Instruction: Essays in honours of Robert Glaser. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Ernst, G.W. & Newell, A. (1969). GPS: A Case Study in Generality and Problem Solving. NY: Academic Press.
Fung, P.W. (1996). Designing an Intelligent Case-based Learning Environment with Conceptual Graphs. PhD Thesis, Dept. of Computation, UMIST, England.
Fung, P.W. (1997). Generating Qualitative Predictive Problems in a Case-based Physics Tutor. In B. du Boulary & R. Mizoguchi (Eds.) Artificial Intelligence in Education; Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications Vol. 39. Amsterdam: IOS Press.
Fung, P.W. & Adam, A. (1996). Questioning Students on the Contents of Example Solutions. In Proceedings of European Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, Lisbon.
Genrich, H.J. & Lautenbach, K. (1981). System Modelling with High-Level Petri Nets. Theoretical Computer Science, Vol. 13, pp. 109–136.
Gick, M. & Holyoak, K.J. (1983). Schema Induction and Analogical Transfer. Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 15, pp.1–38.
Glaser, R. & Chi, M.T.H. (1988). Overview. In M.T.H. Chi, R. Glaser & M.J. Farr (Eds.) The Nature of Expertise. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Hayes, J.R. (1985) Three Problems in Teaching General Skills. In J. Segal, S. Chipman & R. Glaser (Eds.), Thinking & Learning, Vol.2. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Kolodner, J. (1993). Case-Based Reasoning. San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
Peterson, J.L. (1981). Petri Net Theory and the Modeling of Systems. Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc.
Rumelhart, D.E. (1980). Schemata: The Basic Building Blocks of Cognition. In R. Spiro, B. Bruce & W. Brewer (Eds.), Theoretical Issues in Reading Comprehension. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Rumelhart, D.E. & Norman, D.A. (1981). Analogical Processes in Learning. In J.R. Anderson (Ed.), Cognitive Skills and their Acquisition. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Sanders, K.E., Kettler, B.P. & Hendler, J.A. (1997). The Case for Graph-Structured Representations. In D.B. Leake & E. Plaza (Eds.) Case-based Reasoning Research and Development. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 1266, pp. 245–54. Springer-Verlag.
Schank, R.C. & Cleary, C. (1995). Engines for Education. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Simon, D.P. & Simon, H.A. (1978). Individual Differences in Solving Physics Problems. In R. Siegler (Ed.), Children’s Thinking: What Develops? Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Sowa, J. (1984). Conceptual Structures: Information Processing in Mind and Machine. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Thorndyke, P.W. (1984). Applications of Schema Theory in Cognitive Research. In J.R. Anderson & S.M. Kosslyn (Eds.), Tutorials in Learning and Memory. San Francisco: Freeman.
Voss, J.F. & Poss, T.A. (1988). On the Solving of Ill-Structured Problems. In M.T.H. Chi, R. Glaser & M.J. Farr (Eds.), The Nature of Expertise. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Fung, PW., Kemp, R.H. (1999). On Developing Case-Based Tutorial Systems with Conceptual Graphs. In: Tepfenhart, W.M., Cyre, W. (eds) Conceptual Structures: Standards and Practices. ICCS 1999. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 1640. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48659-3_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48659-3_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-66223-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-48659-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive