Abstract
We present an approach to the bid-evaluation problem in a system for multi-agent contract negotiation, called MAGNET. The MAGNET market infrastructure provides support for a variety of types of transactions, from simple buying and selling of goods and services to complex multi-agent contract negotiations. In the latter case, MAGNET is designed to negotiate contracts based on temporal and precedence constraints, and includes facilities for dealing with time-based contingencies. One responsibility of a customer agent in the MAGNET system is to select an optimal bid combination. We present an efficient anytime algorithm for a customer agent to select bids submitted by supplier agents in response to a call for bids. Bids might include combinations of subtasks and might include discounts for combinations. In an experimental study we explore the behavior of the algorithm based on the interactions of factors such as bid prices, number of bids, and number of subtasks. The results of experiments we present show that the algorithm is extremely efficient even for large number of bids.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Martin R. Andersson and Tuomas W. Sandholm. Sequencing of contract types for anytime task reallocation. In 1998 Workshop on Agent Mediated Electronic Trading, Minneapolis, MN, May 1998.
Mark Boddy. Anytime problem solving using dynamic programming. In AAAI91, pages 738–743, 1991.
Mark Boddy and Thomas Dean. Solving time-dependent planning problems. In International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pages 979–984, 1989.
Anthony Chavez and Pattie Maes. Kasbah: An agent marketplace for buying and selling goods. In Proc. of the First International Conference on the Practical Application of Intelligent Agents and Multi-Agent Technology, London, UK, April 1996.
P. Cheeseman, B. Kanefsky, and W.M. Taylor. Where the really hard problems are. In Proceedings of the 12th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pages 331–337, 1991.
John Collins, Scott Jamison, Maria Gini, and Bamshad Mobasher. Temporal strategies in a multi-agent contracting protocol. In AAAI-97 Workshop on AI in Electronic Commerce, July 1997.
John Collins, Ben Youngdahl, Scott Jamison, Bamshad Mobasher, and Maria Gini. A market architecture for multi-agent contracting. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents, pages 285–292, May 1998.
Robert Doorenbos, Oren Etzioni, and Daniel Weld. A scalable comparison-shopping agent for the world-wide web. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Autonomous Agents, pages 39–48, 1997.
Joakim Eriksson, Niclas Finne, and Sverker Janson. SICS Marketspace — an agent-based market infrastructure. In 1998 Workshop on Agent Mediated Electronic Trading, pages 33–48, Minneapolis, Minnesota, May 1998.
Freuder and Wallace. Partial constraint satisfaction. Artificial Intelligence, 58:21–70, 1992.
Robert H. Guttman and Pattie Maes. Agent-mediated integrative negotiation for retail electronic commerce. In 1998 Workshop on Agent Mediated Electronic Trading, pages 77–90, Minneapolis, Minnesota, May 1998.
Larrosa and Meseguer. Phase transition in MAX-CSP. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pages 190–194, 1996.
S. McConnell, M. Merz, L. Maesano, and M. Witthaut. An open architecture for electronic commerce. Technical report, Object Management Group, Cambridge, MA, 1997.
D. Mitchell, B. Selman, and H. Levesque. Hard and easy distributions of SAT problems. In Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pages 459–465, 1992.
Tracy Mullen and Michael P. Wellman. The auction manager: Market middle-ware for large-scale electronic commerce. In 1998 Workshop on Agent Mediated Electronic Trading, pages 113–128, Minneapolis, Minnesota, May 1998.
Colin R. Reeves. Modern Heuristic Techniques for Combinatorial Problems. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1993.
J. A. Rodriguez, Pablo Noriega, Carles Sierra, and J. Padget. FM96.5-a Java-based electronic auction house. In Second Int’l Conf on The Practical Application of Intelligent Agents and Multi-Agent Technology (PAAM’97), London, April 1997.
Je_rey S. Rosenschein and Gilad Zlotkin. Rules of Encounter. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1994.
Tuomas Sandholm and Victor Lesser. Issues in automated negotiation and electronic commerce: Extending the contract net framework. In 1st International Conf. on Multiagent Systems, pages 328–335, San Francisco, 1995.
Tuomas W. Sandholm. Negotiation Among Self-Interested Computationally Limited Agents. PhD thesis, University of Massachusetts, 1996.
Tuomas W. Sandholm and Victor R. Lesser. Advantages of a leveled commitment contracting protocol. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pages 126–133, Portland, Oregon, July 1996. AAAI.
Bart Selman, Hector Levesque, and David Mitchell. A new method for solving hard satisfiability problems. In Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pages 440–446, Menlo Park, CA, 1992. AAAI, AAAI Press.
R. G. Smith. The contract net protocol: High level communication and control in a distributed problem solver. IEEE Trans. on Computers, 29(12):1104–1113, December 1980.
J. M. Tennenbaum, T. S. Chowdhry, and K. Hughes. eCo System: CommerceNet’s architectural framework for internet commerce. Technical report, Object Management Group, Cambridge, MA, 1997.
Maksim Tsvetovatyy, Maria Gini, Bamshad Mobasher, and Z. Wieckowski. MAGMA: An agent-based virtual market for electronic commerce. Journal of Applied Artificial Intelligence, 11(6), 1997.
P.R. Wurman, M.P. Wellman, and W.E. Walsh. The Michigan Internet Auctionbot: A configurable auction server for human and software agents. In Second Int’l Conf. on Autonomous Agents, pages 301–308, May 1998.
Monte Zweben, Brian Daun, Eugene Davis, and Michael Deale. Scheduling and rescheduling with iterative repair. In Monte Zweben and Mark S. Fox, editors, Intelligent Scheduling, chapter 8, pages 241–256. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA, 1994.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Steinmetz, E., Collins, J., Jamison, S., Sundareswara, R., Mobasher, B., Gini, M. (1999). Bid Evaluation and Selection in the MAGNET Automated Contracting System. In: Noriega, P., Sierra, C. (eds) Agent Mediated Electronic Commerce. AMET 1998. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 1571. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48835-9_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48835-9_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-65955-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-48835-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive