Abstract
A directed graph is upward planar if it can be drawn in the plane such that every edge is a monotonically increasing curve in the vertical direction, and no two edges cross. An undirected graph is rectilinear planar if it can be drawn in the plane such that every edge is a horizontal or vertical segment, and no two edges cross. Testing upward planarity and rectilinear planarity are fundamental problems in the effective visualization of various graph and network structures. In this paper we show that upward planarity testing and rectilinear planarity testing are NP-complete problems. We also show that it is NP-hard to approximate the minimum number of bends in a planar orthogonal drawing of an n-vertex graph with an O(n 1−∈) error, for any ∈>0.
Research supported in part by the National Science Foundation, by the U.S. Army Research Office, and by the Advanced Research Projects Agency.
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Garg, A., Tamassia, R. (1995). On the computational complexity of upward and rectilinear planarity testing. In: Tamassia, R., Tollis, I.G. (eds) Graph Drawing. GD 1994. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 894. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58950-3_384
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