Abstract
This note considers the application of electronic cash to transactions in which many small amounts must be paid to the same payee and in which it is not possible to just pay the total amount afterwards. The most notable example of such a transaction is payment for phone calls. If currently published electronic cash systems are used and a full payment protocol is executed for each of the small amounts, the overall complexity of the system will be prohibitively large (time, storage and communication). This note describes how such payments can be handled in a wide class of payment systems. The solution is very easy to adapt as it only influences the payment and deposit transactions involving such payments. Furthermore, making and verifying each small payment requires very little computation and communication, and the total complexity of both transactions is comparable to that of a payment of a fixed amount.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
R. Andersonn, H. Manifavas and C. Sutherland. A Practical Electronic Cash System. Manuscript 1995.
Integrity primitives for Secure Information Systems. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, volume 1007. Eds. A. Bosselaers and B. Preneel.
J.-P. Boly, A. Bosselars, R. Cramer, R. Michelsen, S. Mjølsnes, F. Muller, B. Pfitzmann, P. de Rooij, B. Schoenmakers, M. Schunter, L. Vallé, and M. Waidner. The ESPRIT Project CAFE — High Security Digital Payment Systems. In Computer Security — ESORICS'94, volume 875 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer-Verlag, 1994.
J. Bos and D. Chaum. SmartCash: A Practical Electronic Payment System. Technical Report CS-R9035, CWI, August 1990.
S. Brands. Untraceable Off-line Cash in Wallet with Observers. In Advances in Cryptology — proceedings of CRYPTO 93, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 302–318. Springer-Verlag, 1994.
S. Brands. Off-Line Electronic Cash Based on Secret-Key Certificates. In Proceedings of LATIN'95, 1995. Also available as CWI technical report, CS-R9506.
D. Chaum, A. Fiat, and M. Naor. Untraceable Electronic Cash. In Advances in Cryptology—CRYPTO '88, volume 403 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 319–327, Berlin, 1990. Springer-Verlag.
D. Chaum. Achieving Electronic Privacy. Scientific American, pages 96–101, August 1992.
W. Diffie and M. E. Hellman. New Directions in Cryptography. IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, IT-22(6):644–654, November 1976.
DigiCash. See http:/www.digicash.com/ecash/.
S. Even and O. Goldreich. Electronic Wallet. In Advances in Cryptology — proceedings of CRYPTO 83, pages 383–386. Plenum Press, 1984.
N. Ferguson. Single Term Off-Line Coins. In Advances in Cryptology — proceedings of EUROCRYPT 93, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 318–328. Springer-Verlag, 1993.
R. Hauser, M. Steiner and M. Waidner. Micro-Payments Based on iKP. January 1996
L. Lamport. Password Authentication with Insecure Communication. Communications of the ACM, 24(11):770–772, 1981.
L. A. Levin. One-Way Function and Pseudorandom Generators. In Proceedings of the 17th Annual ACM Symposium on the Theory of Computing, pages 363–365, 1985.
R. C. Merkle. A Certified Digital Signature. In Advances in Cryptology — proceedings of CRYPTO 89, volume 435 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 218–238. Springer-Verlag, 1990.
T. Okamoto and K. Ohta. Universal Electronic Cash. In Advances in Cryptology-CRYPTO '91, volume 576 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 324–337, Berlin, 1992. Springer-Verlag.
T. Pedersen. Electronic Payments of Small Amounts. Technical Report, DAIMI PD — 495, Aarhus University, August 1995.
R. L. Rivest. The MD4 Message Digest Algorithm. In Advances in Cryptology — proceedings of CRYPTO 90, volume 537 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 303–311. Springer-Verlag, 1991.
R. Rivest and A. Shamir. PayWord and MicroMint: Two Simple Micropayment Schemes. Manuscript, November 7, 1995
R. Rivest, A. Shamir, and L. Adleman. A Method for Obtaining Digital Signatures and Public-key Cryptosystems. Communications of the ACM, 21, 1978.
Specifications for a Secure Hash Standard. Federal Information Processing Standards Publication, 1992.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Pedersen, T.P. (1997). Electronic payments of small amounts. In: Lomas, M. (eds) Security Protocols. Security Protocols 1996. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1189. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-62494-5_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-62494-5_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-62494-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-68047-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive