Abstract
Localization, recognition, and interpretation of graphical objects such as line art, maps and engineering drawings in document images has been a topic of much research attention in recent years. A comprehensive overview of research problems, solution procedures and typical systems for graphics recognition was published in 1990 [KasRam90] and an update was published in 1994 [AriKas94]. In this paper we provide a further update on the state of research in graphics recognition with a particular emphasis on those systems which have been presented at recent workshops on graphics recognition [KasTom96, TomCha97].
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ablameyko, S. and O. Frantskevich,“From computer vision to document recognition or using labeling technique for map interpretation,” IAPR Workshop on Machine Vision Applications, Kawasaki, 1994, pp. 255–258.
Arias, J. and R. Kasturi., “Recognition of graphical objects for intelligent interpretation of line drawings,” in Aspects of Visual Form Processing, eds: C. Arcelli, L.P. Cordella, and G. Sannitti di Baja, World Scientific, Singapore, 1994, pp. 11–31.
Arias, J., R. Kasturi and A. Chhabra, “Efficient techniques for telephone company line drawing interpretation,” Proc. 3rd International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 1995, pp. 795–798.
Blostein, D., “General diagram recognition methodologies,” in Graphics Recognition: Methods and Applications, eds. R. Kasturi and K. Tombre, [Post-Proceedings of The First International Workshop on Graphics Recognition (August 1995) Penn State], Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1072, Heidelberg, Germany, 1996, pp. 106–122.
Boatto L. etc. “An interpretation system for land register maps,” Computer, July 1992, pp. 25–32.
Capellades, M.A. and O.I. Camps, “Functional parts detection in engineering drawings: Looking for the screws,” in Graphics Recognition: Methods and Applications, eds. R. Kasturi and K. Tombre, [Post-Proceedings of The First International Workshop on Graphics Recognition (August 1995) Penn State], Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1072, Heidelberg, Germany, 1996, pp. 246–259.
Cesarini, F., M. Gori, S. Marinai and G. Soda, “A hybrid system for locating and recognizing low level graphic items,” in Graphics Recognition: Methods and Applications, eds. R. Kasturi and K. Tombre, [Post-Proceedings of The First International Workshop on Graphics Recognition (August 1995) Penn State], Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1072, Heidelberg, Germany, 1996, pp. 135–147.
Chhabra, A.K., “Graphic symbol recognition: An overview,” Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Graphics Recognition, Nancy, France, 1997, pp. 244–252.
Deseilligny,M. and R. Mariani, “A three year project on topographic maps interpretation,” Proc. of 2nd IAPR Workshop on Graphics Recognition, Nancy, France, 1997, pp. 160–167.
Devaux, P.M., D.B. Lysak, C.P. Lai, and R. Kasturi, “A complete system for recovery of 3-D shapes from engineering drawings,” Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Computer Vision, Coral Gables, Florida, 1995, pp. 145–150.
Dori, D., “Object-Process analysis: Maintaining the balance between system structure and behaviour,” Journal of Logic and Computation, Vol. 5,1995, pp. 227–249.
Dori, D, Y. Vel and W. Liu, “Object-process based segmentation and recognition of ANSI and LSO standard dimensioning texts,“in Graphics Recognition: Methods and Applications, eds. R. Kasturi and K. Tombre, [Post-Proceedings of The First International Workshop on Graphics Recognition (August 1995) Penn State], Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1072, Heidelberg, Germany, 1996, pp. 212–232.
Ebi, N., B. Lauterbach, and W. Anheier, “An image analysis system for automatic data acquisition from colored scanned maps,” Machine Vision and Applications, 7, 1994, pp. 148–164.
Elliman, D. G. and M. Sen-Gupta,“Automatic recognition of linear features, symbols and textured areas within maps,” IAPR Workshop on Machine Vision Applications, Kawasaki, 1994, pp. 239–242.
Futrelle, R.P. and N. Nikolakis, “Efficient analysis of complex diagrams using constraint-based parsing,” in Proc. of 3rd International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Aug. 14–16, 1995, pp. 783–790.
Gao, Q., J. He, G. Qiu, and Q. Shi, “A color map processing system PU-CMPS,” in Proc. of 2nd International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Tsukuba, Oct. 20–22, 1993, pp. 8748–77.
Hartog, J. E., A framework for knowledge-based map interpretation, Ph.D. thesis, 1995, Dept. of Signal Processing, TNO institute of Applied Physics, Netherlands.
Hartog, J. E., T. K. ten Kate, and J. J. Gerbrands, “Knowledge-based segmentation for automatic map interpretation,” in Graphics Recognition: Methods and Applications, eds. R. Kasturi and K. Tombre, [Post-Proceedings of The First International Workshop on Graphics Recognition (August 1995) Penn State], Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1072, Heidelberg, Germany, 1996, pp. 159–178.
Kasturi R., R. Raman, C. Chennubhotla, and L. O'Gorman, “Document image analysis: An overview of techniques for graphics recognition,” Pre-Proc. IAPR workshop on Structural and Syntactic Pattern Recognition, pp. 192–230, New Jersey, June 1990, also in Structured Document Image Analysis, eds: H.S. Baird, H. Bunke, and K. Yamamoto, Springer-Verlag, 1992, pp. 285–324.
Kasturi, R. and K. Tombre, Editors, Graphics Recognition: Methods and Applications, [Post-Proceedings of The First International Workshop on Graphics Recognition (August 1995) Penn State], Springer-Verlag LNCS 1072, Heidelberg, Germany, 1996
M.-K. Kim, M.-K. Park, O.-S. Kwon and Y.-B. Kwon, “Automatic region labeling of the layered map,” in Graphics Recognition: Methods and Applications, eds. R. Kasturi and K. Tombre, [Post-Proceedings of The First International Workshop on Graphics Recognition (August 1995) Penn State, Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1072, Heidelberg, Germany, 1996, pp. 179–189.
Kong, B., I.T. Phillips, R.M. Haralick, A. Prasad, and R. Kasturi, “A benchmark: Performance evaluation of dashed-line detection algorithms,” in Graphics Recognition: Methods and Applications, eds. R. Kasturi and K. Tombre, [Post-Proceedings of The First International Workshop on Graphics Recognition (August 1995) Penn State], Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1072, Heidelberg, Germany, 1996, pp.270–285.
Lauterach, B. and W. Anheier, “Segmentation of scanned maps in uniform color spaces,” IAPR Workshop on Machine Vision Applications, Kawasaki, 1994, pp. 222–225.
Liu W. and D. Dori, “Automated CAD conversion with the machine drawing understanding system,” Proc. of Document Analysis Systems, Malvern, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., October 1996, pp. 241–259.
Liu, W. and D. Dori, “A protocol for performance evaluation of algorithms for text segmentation,” Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Graphics Recognition, Nancy, France, 1997, pp. 317–324.
Luo, H., G. Again, and I Dinstein,” Directional mathematical morphology approach for line thinning and extraction of character strings from maps and line drawings,” Proc. of 3rd International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Montreal, Canada, 1995, pp. 257–260.
Lu, W., T. Okuhashi, and M. Sakauchi,“A proposal of efficient interactive recognition system for understanding of map drawings,” Proc. of 3rd International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Montreal, Canada, 1995, pp. 520–523.
Lu, W., and M. Sakauchi,“An interactive map drawing recognition system with learning ability,” IAPR Workshop on Machine Vision Applications, 1994, Kawasaki, pp. 235–238.
Luo, H., R. Kasturi, J. Arias and A. Chhabra, “Interpretation of lines in distribution frame drawings,” Proc. of 4th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Ulm, Germany, 1997, pp. 66–70.
Luo, H. and R. Kasturi, “Improved morphological operations for separation of characters from maps/graphics,” Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Graphics Recognition, Nancy, France, August 1997, pp. 8–15.
Lysak, D.B. and R. Kasturi, “Interpretation of engineering drawings of polyhedral and nonpolyhedral objects,” Proc. 1st International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, St. Malo, France, 1991, pp. 79–87.
McDaniel, J.R. and J.R. Balmuth, “Automatic interpretation of chemical structure diagrams,” in Graphics Recognition: Methods and Applications, eds. R. Kasturi and K. Tombre, [Post-Proceedings of The First International Workshop on Graphics Recognition (August 1995) Penn State], Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1072, Heidelberg, Germany, 1996, pp. 148–158.
Messmer, B.T. and H. Bunke, “Automatic learning and recognition of graphical symbols in engineering drawings,” in Graphics Recognition: Methods and Applications, eds. R. Kasturi and K. Tombre, [Post-Proceedings of The First International Workshop on Graphics Recognition (August 1995) Penn State], Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1072, Heidelberg, Germany, 1996, pp. 123–134.
Mowforth, P., “DATA conversion for GIS,” IAPR Workshop on Machine Vision Applications, Tokyo, Japan, 1992, pp. 403–406.
Myers, G. K., P. G. Mulgaonkar, C.-H. Chen, J. L. DeCurtins, and E. Chen, “Verification-based approach for automated text and feature extraction from raster-scanned maps,” in Graphics Recognition: Methods and Applications, eds. R. Kasturi and K. Tombre, [Post-Proceedings of The First International Workshop on Graphics Recognition (August 1995) Penn State], Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1072, Heidelberg, Germany, 1996, pp. 190–203.
Nagy, G., A. Samal, S. Seth, T. Fisher, E. Guthmann, K. Kalafala, L. Li, P. Sarkar, S. Sivasubramaniam, Y. Xu, “A prototype for adaptive association of street names with streets on maps,” Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Graphics Recognition, Nancy, France, August 1997, pp. 168–176.
Nakejima, C. and T. Yazawa, “Automatic recognition of facility drawings and street maps utilizing the facility management database,” Proc. of 3rd International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition,Montreal, Canada, 1995, pp. 516–519.
Ogier, J.M. J. Labiche, R. Mullot, and Y. Lecourtier, “Attributes extraction for french map interpretation,” Proc. 2nd International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Tsukuba Science City, Japan, 1993, pp. 672–675.
O'Gorman, L. And R. Kasturi, Document Image Analysis: Executive Briefing, IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, California, 1997
Phillips, I.T., J. Liang, and R. Haralick, “A performance evaluation protocol for engineering drawing recognition systems,” Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Graphics Recognition, Nancy, France, 1997, pp. 333–346.
Samet, H. and A. Soffer, “MARCO: Map retrieval by content”, IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol 18, no. 8, 1996, pp. 783–798.
Shimotsuji, S., O. Hori, M. Asano, K. Suzuki and F. Hoshimo, “A robust recognition system for drawing superimposed on a map,” Computer, 25, 7, pp. 56–59, 1992.
Shimada, S., Y. Takahara, H. Suenaga, and K. Tomita, “Paralleled automatic recognition of maps and drawings for constructing electric power distribution databases,” Proc. of 2nd International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Tsukuba, 1993, pp. 688–691.
Smeulders, A. W. M. and T. ten Kate, “Software system design for paper map conversion,” in Graphics Recognition: Methods and Applications, eds. R. Kasturi and K. Torobre, [Post-Proceedings of The First International Workshop on Graphics Recognition (August 1995) Penn State], Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1072, Heidelberg, Germany, 1996, pp. 204–211
Thomas, P.D., J.E. Poliakoff S.M. Razzaq and R.J. Whitrow, “A combined high and low level approach to interpreting scanned engineering drawings,” in Graphics Recognition: Methods and Applications, eds. R. Kasturi and K. Torobre, [Post-Proceedings of The First International Workshop on Graphics Recognition (August 1995) Penn State], Springer-Verlag, LNCS 1072, Heidelberg, Germany, 1996, pp. 233–245.
K. Tornbree, “Analysis of engineering drawings: State of the art and challenges,” Proc. of the Second International Workshop on Graphics Recognition, Nancy, France, 1997, pp. 54–61.
Torobre, K. And A. Chhabra, Editors, Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Graphics Recognition, Nancy, France, August 1997
Trier, O.D., T. Taxt and A. Jain, “Recognition of digits in hydrographic maps: Binary vs. topographic analysis,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 19, no. 4, 1997, pp. 399–404.
Trier, O.D., A Data Capture System for Hydrographic Maps, Ph. D. thesis, Dept. of informatics, University of OSLO, Norway.
Weiss, M. and D. Dori, “A graph theoretic approach to the reconstruction of 3D objects from engineering drawings,” Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Graphics Recognition, Nancy, France, 1997, pp. 78–80.
Wittenburg, K.L., L. Weizman and J. Talley, “Unification-based grammars and tabular parsing for graphical languages,” Journal of visual languages and computing, Vol. 2, 1991, pp. 333–346.
Yamada, H., K. Yamamoto, and K. Hosokawa, “Directional mathematical morphology and reformalized Hough transformation for the analysis of topographic maps,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 15, No. 4, April 1993, pp. 380–387.
Yan, H., “Color map image segmentation using optimized nearest neighbor classifiers,” Proc. of 2nd International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Tsukuba, Japan, 1993, pp. 111–114.
Yu, Y., A. Samal and S. Seth, “A system for recognizing a large class of engineering drawings,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 19, 1997, pp. 868–890.
Yu, Bin, “Automatic Understanding of Symbol-Connected Diagrams,” Proc. of 3rd International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Montreal, Canada, 1995, pp. 803-806.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kasturi, R., Luo, H. (1997). Research advances in graphics recognition: An update. In: Murshed, N.A., Bortolozzi, F. (eds) Advances in Document Image Analysis. BSDIA 1997. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1339. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63791-5_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63791-5_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-63791-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-69646-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive