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A Lumigraph (also known as light field [1]; see http://graphics.stabford.edu/papers/light/ for a good explanation of the history, similarities, and differences between a light field and a Lumigraph.) is a four-dimensional representation of all the light rays passing through an empty volume of space [2]. It can be used to synthesize a novel image from any viewpoint within that space. The Lumigraph often refers to a light field augmented with a partial 3D model of the scene, which is used during the rendering process.
Background
If one considers a volume of empty space, the radiance of all the rays passing through this space can be organized in five dimensions, the three dimensions of space plus two dimensions for direction. This is known as the 5D plenoptic function of Adelson and Bergen [3, 4]. However, since radiance is constant along a ray in empty space, the space of all unique rays drops to four dimensions....
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References
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Cohen, M.F., Szeliski, R. (2014). Lumigraph. In: Ikeuchi, K. (eds) Computer Vision. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-31439-6_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-31439-6_8
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