Abstract
As the number of Internet users and the number of accessible Web pages grows, it is becoming increasingly difficult for users to find documents that are relevant to their particular needs. Users who submit a query to a publicly available search engine must wade through hundreds of results, most of them irrelevant. The core of the problem is that, whether they are an eighth grade student or a Nobel Prize winner, the identical Web pages are selected and they are presented in the same way. In this chapter, we report on research that is aimed at providing search results tailored to individual users. In order to provide these personalized search results, the search engine exploits information about the user captured in automatically created user profiles. We compare a variety of mechanisms for automatically creating the user profiles, and discuss open issues in user profile creation, representation, and use.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
About. http://www.about.com.
Aktas M.S., Nacar M.A., Menczer F. Personalizing PageRank Based on Domain Profiles. In Proceedings 6 th SIGKDD Workshop on Web Mining and Web Usage Analysis 2004.
Almeida R., Almeida V. A Community-Aware Search Engine. In Proceedings of the 13 th International Conference on the World Wide Web, May 2004
Armstrong R., Freitag D., Joachims T., Mitchell T. WebWatcher: A Learning Apprentice For The World Wide Web. In Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium On Information Gathering 1995; 6–12.
Asnicar F., Tasso C. ifWeb: A Protoype of User Model-Based Intelligent Agent for Documentation Filtering and Navigation in the World Wide Web. In Proceedings of the 6 th International Conference on User Modeling June 1997.
Barrett R., Maglio P., Kellem D. How to Personalize the Web. In Proceedings of ACM CHI’97, Atlanta, USA, 1997.
Beitzel S., Jensen E., Chowdhury A., Grossman A., Frieder O.: Hourly Analysis of a Very Large Topically Categorized Web Query Log. In Proceedings of the 27th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference, Sheffield, July 2004.
Berners-Lee T., Hendler J., Lassila O. The Semantic Web. Scientific American May, 2001; 284(5): 34–43.
Casasola E. ProFusion Personal Assistant: An Agent for Personalized Information Filtering on the WWW. Master’s thesis. The University of Kansas, 1998.
Chaffee J., Gauch S. Personal Ontologies For Web Navigation. In Proceedings of the 9 th International Conference On Information Knowledge Management (CIKM) 2000; 227–234.
Challam V. Ontology-Based User Profiles for Contextual Search. Master’s thesis. The University of Kansas, 2004.
Chan P. Constructing Web User Profiles: A Non-Invasive Learning Approach. In: Web Usage Analysis and User Profiling, LNAI 1836, Springer-Verlag, 2000: 39–55.
Chen L., Sycara K. A Personal Agent for Browsing and Searching. In Proceedings of the 2 nd International Conference on Autonomous Agents 1998; 132–139.
Chesnais P., Mucklo M., Sheena J. The Fishwrap Personalized News System. In Proceedings of IEEE 2 nd International Workshop on Community Networking: Integrating Multimedia Services to the Home June 1995.
Chower G., Nicholas C. Resource Selection in Café: an Architecture for Networked Information Retrieval. In Proceedings of SIGIR’96 Workshop on Networked Information Retrieval. Zurich, 1996.
Chower G., Nicholas C. Meta-Data for Distributed Text Retrieval. In Proceedings of First IEEE Metadata Conference 1996.
Eklund P., Green S., Roberts N., Ontorama: Browsing an RDF ontology using a hyperbolic-like browser. In: The First International Symposium on CyberWorlds (CW2002). Theory and Pracitces, IEEE Press, November 2002.
Decker S., Erdmann M., Fensel D., Studer R. Ontobroker: Ontology Based Access to Distributed and Semi-Structured Information. In: R. Meersman et al., editors, Database Semantics: Semantic Issues in Multimedia Systems. Kluwer Academic Publisher, 1999; 351–369.
Gauch S., Chaffee J., Pretschner A. Ontology-Based User Profiles for Search and Browsing. Web Intelligence and Agent Systems 2003; 1(3–4):219–234.
Gauch S., Madrid, J., Induri, S., Ravindran, D., and Chadlavada, S. KeyConcept: A Conceptual Search Engine, Information and Telecommunication Technology Center Technical Report, ITTC-FY2004-TR-8646-37, University of Kansas, 2004.
Google Search Engine. http://www.google.com.
Google Web API’s. http://www.google.com/apis/.
Göver N., Lalmas M., Fuhr N. A Probabilistic Description-Oriented Approach for Categorising Web Documents. In Proceedings of the 8 th International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management 1999; 475–482.
Guarino N., Masolo C., Vetere G., OntoSeek: Content-Based Access to the Web. IEEE Intelligent Systems, May 1999; 14(3):70–80.
Harman D. Evaluation Techniques and Measures. In Proceedings of the 4 th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-4) 1996; A6–A14.
Haveliwala T. Topic-sensitive PageRank. In: Lassner, D., De Roure, D., Iyengar, A., eds.: In Proceedings 11 th International World Wide Web Conference, ACM Press, 2002.
Heflin J., Hendler J., Luke S. SHOE: A Knowledge Representation Language for Internet Applications. Technical Report CS-TR-4078 (UMIACS TR-99-71), University of Maryland at College Park, 1999 http://www.cs.umd.edu/projects/plus/SHOE/pubs/techrpt99.pdf.
Hsu W., Lang S. Classification Algorithms for NETNEWS Articles. In Proceedings of the 8 th International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management 1999; 114–121.
Hyvönen E., Saarela S., Viljanen K. Intelligent Image Retrieval and Browsing Using Semantic Web Techniques. A Case Study. Presented at the International SEPIA Conference at the Finnish Museum of Photography, Helsinki, September 2003.
Jansen B.J., Spink A., Saracevic T. Real life, real users, and real needs: a study and analysis of user queries on the web. Information Processing and Management 2000; 36(2):207–227.
Jeh G., Widom J. Scaling personalized Web search. In Proceedings 12 th International World Wide Web Conference 2003.
Joachims T., Freitag D., Mitchell T. WebWatcher: A Tour Guide for the World Wide Web. In Proceedings of IJCAI’97 August 1997.
Joachims T. Text Catehorization with Support Vector Machines: Learning with Many Relevant Features. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Machine Learning, Springer, 1998.
Joachims T.: Optimizing Search Engines using Clickthrough Data. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD), ACM, 2002.
Kamba T., Bharat K., Albers M. The Krakatoa Chronicle — An Interactive, Personalized Newspaper on the Web. In Proceedings of the 4 th International WWW Conference 1995; 159–170.
KeyConcept Project. http://www.ittc.ku.edu/keyconcept.
Knight K., Luk S. Building a Large Knowledge Base for Machine Translation. In Proceedings of American Association of Artificial Intelligence Conference (AAAI) 1999; 773–778.
Konstan J., Miller B., Maltz D., Herlocker J., Gordon L., Riedl J. GroupLens: Applying Collaborative Filtering To Usenet News. Communications of the ACM 1997; 40(3): 77–87.
Krovetz R., Croft B. W. Lexical Ambiguity and Information Retrieval. ACM Transactions on Information Systems 1992; 10(2):115–141.
Kurki T., Jokela S., Sulonen R., Turpeinen M. Agents in Delivering Personalized Content Based on Semantic Metadata. In Proceedings of the 1999 AAAI Spring Symposium Workshop on Intelligent Agents in Cyberspace 1999; 84–93.
Labrou Y, Finin T. Yahoo! As An Ontology — Using Yahoo! Categories To Describe Documents. In Proceedings of the 8 th International Conference On Information Knowledge Management (CIKM) 1999; 180–187.
Lam W., Mukhopadhyay S., Mostafa J., Palakal M. Detection of Shifts in User Interests for Personalized Information Filtering. In Proceedings of ACM SIGIR’96, Zurich, Switzerland, 1996.
Larkey L. S. Automatic Essay Grading Using Text Categorization Techniques. In Proceedings of the 21 st Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval 1998; 90–95.
Lieberman H. Letizia: An Agent That Assists Web Browsing. In Proceedings of the 14 th International Joint Conference On Artificial Intelligence 1995; 924–929.
Lieberman H. Autonomous Interface Agents. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computers and Human Interaction (CHI’97) May 1997.
Liu F., Yu C., Meng W. Personalized web search by mapping user queries to categories. In Proceedings CIKM’02 2002; 558–565.
Luke S., Spector L., Rager D., Hendler J. Ontology-Based Web Agents. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Autonomous Agents (AA’97) 1997.
Lycos. http://www.lycos.com.
Malone T., Grant K., Turbak F., Brobst S., Cohen M. Intelligent Information Sharing Systems. Communications of the ACM 1987; (30): 390–402.
McKeown K., Elhadad N., Hatzivassiloglou V. Leveraging a common representation for personalized search and summarization in a medical digital library. In Proceedings of the 3 rd ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries 2003; 159–170.
Mladenić D. Personal WebWatcher: Design and Implementation. Technical Report IJS-DP-7472, J. Stefan Institute, Department for Intelligent Systems, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 1998.
Montebello M., Gray W., Hurley S. A Personable Evolvable Advisor for WWW Knowledge-Based Systems. In Proceedings of the 1998 International Database Engineering and Application Symposium (IDEAS’98) July 1998; 224–233.
Moukas A. Amalthaea: Information Discovery And Filtering Using A Multiagent Evolving Ecosystem. In Proceedings of the Conference on the Practical Application of Intelligent Agents and MultiAgent Technology 1996: http://moux.www.media.mit.edu/people/moux/papers/PAAM96.
Nichols D. Implicit Rating and Filtering. In Proceedings of the 5 th DELOS Workshop on Filtering and Collaborative Filtering November 1997.
NuSOAP Library. http://dietrich.ganx4.com/nusoap.
Oard D., Marchionini G. A Conceptual Framework for Text Filtering. Technical Report EE-TR-96-25 CAR-TR-830 CLIS-TR-9602 CS-TR-3643. University of Maryland, May 1996.
The Open Directory Project (ODP). http://dmoz.org.
Pazzani M., Muramatsu J., Billsus D. Syskill & Webert: Identifying Interesting Web Sites. In Proceedings of the 13 th National Conference On Artificial Intelligence 1996; 54–61.
Pearce C., Miller E. The TellTale dynamic hypertext environment: Approaches to scalability. In: Advances in Intelligent Hypertext, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer-Verlag, 1997.
Pitkow J., Schütze H., Cass T. et all. Personalized search. CACM 2002; 45(9):50–55.
ProFusion. http://www.profusion.com.
Pretschner A.. Ontology Based Personalized Search. Master’s thesis. University of Kansas, June 1999.
Pretschner A., Gauch S. Ontology Based Personalized Search. In Proceedings of the 11 th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI) November 1999; 391–398.
Pulijala A., Gauch S. Hierarchical Text Classification. International Conference on Cybernetics and Information Technologies, Systems and Applications: CITSA 2004 Orlando, FL, July 21–25, 2004.
Richardson M., Domingos P. The intelligent surfer: Probabilistic combination of link and content information in PageRank. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 14, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press 2002; 1441–1448.
Rucker J., Polanco M. J. Siteseer: Personalized Navigation For The Web. Communications of the ACM 1997; 40(3): 73–75.
Ruiz M., Srinivasan P. Hierarchical Neural Networks For Text Categorization. In Proceedings of the 22 nd Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval August 1999; 281–282.
Sakagami H., Kamba T. Learning Personal Preferences on Online Newspaper Articles From User Behaviors. In Proceedings of the 6 th International WWW Conference 1997; 291–300.
G. Salton. Automatic Text Processing. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-12227-8.
Sebastiani F. Machine Learning in Automated Text Categorization. ACM Computing Surveys 2002; 34(1):1–47.
Shavlik J., Eliassi-Rad T. Intelligent Agents for Web-Based Tasks: An Advice-Taking Approach. In Working Notes of the AAAI/ICML-98 Workshop on Learning for text categorization. Madison, WI, 1998.
Shavlik J., Calcari S., Eliassi-Rad T., Solock J. An Instructable, Adaptive Interface for Discovering and Monitoring Information on the World Wide Web. In Proceedings of the 1999 International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces. Redondo Beach, CA, 1999.
Sheth B. A Learning Approach to Personalized Information Filtering. Master’s thesis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994.
Sorensen H., McElligott M. PSUN: A Profiling System for Usenet News. In Proceedings of CIKM’95 Workshop on Intelligent Information Agents December 1995.
Stefani A., Strappavara C. Personalizing Access to Web Sites: The SiteIF Project. In Proceedings of the 2 nd Workshop on Adaptive Hypertext and Hypermedia HYPERTEXT’98 June 1998.
Sugiyama K., Hatano K., Yoshikawa M. Adaptive web search based on user profile constructed without any effort from users. In Proceedings 13 th Intl. Conf. on World Wide Web 2004; 675–684.
Tanudjaja F., Mui L. Persona: A Contextualized and Personalized Web Search. Proc 35 th Hawaii Intl. Conf. on System Sciences 2002.
Trajkova J., Gauch S. Improving Ontology-Based User Profiles. In Proceedings of RIAO 2004, University of Avignon (Vaucluse), France, April 26–28, 2004; 380–389.
Vivacqua A. Agents for Expertise Location. In Proceedings of the 1999 AAAI Spring Symposium Workshop on Intelligent Agents in Cyberspace 1999; 9–13.
Web-Ontology (WebOnt) Working Group. http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/ 2004.
Widyantoro D. H., Ioerger T. R., Yen J. Learning User Interest Dynamics with a Three-Descriptor Representation. Journal of the American Society of Information Science and Technology (JASIST) 2001; 52(3):212–225.
Yan T., GarcÃa-Molina H. SIFT — A Tool for Wide-Area Information Dissemination. In Proceedings of USENIX Technical Conference 1995; 177–186.
Yang Y., Liu X. A Re-Examination Of Text Categorization Methods. In Proceedings of the 22 nd Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval August 1999; 42–49.
Yahoo! Search Engine. http://www.yahoo.com.
Zhu X, Gauch S., Gerhard L., Kral N., Pretschner A. Ontology-Based Web Site Mapping For Information Exploration. In Proceedings of the 8 th International Conference On Information Knowledge Management (CIKM) 1999; 188–194.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gauch, S., Speretta, M., Pretschner, A. (2007). Ontology-Based User Profiles for Personalized Search. In: Sharman, R., Kishore, R., Ramesh, R. (eds) Ontologies. Integrated Series in Information Systems, vol 14. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-37022-4_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-37022-4_24
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-37019-4
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-37022-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)