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Encyclopedia of Database Systems pp 2216–2217Cite as

Punctuations

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Definition

A punctuation is an item embedded in a data stream that specifies a subset of the domain of that stream. A data item that belongs to the subset specified by a punctuation is said to match that punctuation. A data stream is said to be grammatical if, for each punctuation, no data items will follow that match that punctuation. Consider a stream of bids for online auctions. When an auction closes, a punctuation p is embedded in the stream that matches all bids for that auction. In a grammatical stream, p indicates no more bids will arrive from that stream for that auction.

In the most common format, a punctuation is a tuple of patterns, where each pattern corresponds to an attribute of the data items in a stream. Typically, four patterns are used: a wildcard (denoted by ‘∗’) is matched by all values, a literal is matched by only the given value, a list (denoted by { }) is matched by any value in the given list, and a range(denoted by [ ]) is matched by any value that falls in...

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Recommended Reading

  1. Li J., Maier D., Tufte K., Papadimos V., and Tucker P.A. Semantics and evaluation techniques for window aggregates in data streams. In ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, 2005, pp. 311–322.

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  2. Tucker P.A., Maier D., Sheard T., and Fegaras L. Exploiting punctuation semantics in continuous data streams. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng., 15(3):555–568, 2003.

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  3. Tucker P.A., Maier D., Sheard T., and Stephens P. Using punctuation schemes to characterize strategies for querying over data streams. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng., 19(9):1227–1240, 2007.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA

    David Maier

  2. Whitworth University, Spokane, WA, USA

    Peter A. Tucker

Authors
  1. David Maier
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  2. Peter A. Tucker
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, 266 Ferst Drive, 30332-0765, Atlanta, GA, USA

    LING LIU (Professor) (Professor)

  2. Database Research Group David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, ON, Canada

    M. TAMER ÖZSU (Professor and Director, University Research Chair) (Professor and Director, University Research Chair)

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© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

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Maier, D., Tucker, P.A. (2009). Punctuations. In: LIU, L., ÖZSU, M.T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Database Systems. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-39940-9_285

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