Abstract
A distributed discrete-event system consists of an interconnection of two or more subsystems. Control of a distributed system demands a set of controllers each receiving an observed event stream of a local subsystem and providing a subset of enabled events to that subsystem. Several control architectures are defined in this chapter: Distributed control, distributed control with communication, coordination control, and hierarchical control. Results are provided for several problems of decentralized and distributed control. Research issues for control of distributed discrete-event systems are described.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Benveniste, A., Fabre, E., Haar, S., Jard, C.: Diagnosis of asynchronous discrete-event systems: a net unfolding approach. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 48, 714–727 (2003)
Blondel, V.D., Tsitsiklis, J.N.: A survey of computational complexity results in systems and control. Automatica 36, 1249–1274 (2000)
Bosscher, D., Polak, I., Vaandrager, F.: Verification of an Audio Control Protocol. In: Langmaack, H., de Roever, W.-P., Vytopil, J. (eds.) FTRTFT 1994 and ProCoS 1994. LNCS, vol. 863, pp. 170–192. Springer, Heidelberg (1994)
Cassandras, C.G., Lafortune, S.: Introduction to Discrete Event Systems, 2nd edn. Springer, New York (2008)
Cieslak, R., Desclaux, C., Fawaz, A.S., Varaiya, P.: Supervisory control of discrete-event processes with partial observations. IEEE Trans. Automatic Control 33, 249–260 (1988)
Findeisen, W., Bailey, F.N., Brdys, M., Malinowski, K., Tatjewski, P., Wozniak, A.: Control and Coordination in Hierarchical Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (1980)
Flordal, H., Malik, R.: Compositional verification in supervisory control. SIAM J. Control & Optimization 48, 1914–1938 (2009)
Gallager, R.G.: Information Theory and Reliable Communication. John Wiley & Sons, New York (1968)
Harel, D.: Statecharts: A visual formalism for complex systems. Science of Computer Programming 8, 231–274 (1987)
Ho, Y.C.: Team decision theory and information structures. Proceedings of the IEEE 68, 644–654 (1980)
Inan, K.: An algebraic approach to supervisory control. Math. Control Signals Systems 5, 151–164 (1992)
Kempker, P.L., Ran, A.C.M., van Schuppen, J.H.: A formation flying algorithm for autonomous underwater vehicles. In: Proc. 50th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Orlando, USA (2011)
Komenda, J., van Schuppen, J.H.: Conditions structurelles dans le contrôle modulaire des systèmes à événements discrets concurrents. In: Proc. Modélisation des Systèmes Reactifs. Ecole Normale Superior de Lyon, Hermès, Lavoisier (2007)
Komenda, J., van Schuppen, J.H.: Control of discrete-event systems with modular or distributed structure. Theoretical Computer Science 388, 199–226 (2007)
Komenda, J., van Schuppen, J.H.: Decentralized supervisory control with coalgebra. In: Proc. European Control Conference 2003, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CD-ROM (2003)
Komenda, J., van Schuppen, J.H.: Modular control of discrete-event systems with coalgebra. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 53, 447–460 (2008)
Komenda, J., van Schuppen, J.H., Gaudin, B., Marchand, H.: Supervisory control of modular systems with global specification languages. Automatica 44, 1127–1134 (2008)
Kozák, P., Wonham, W.M.: Fully decentralized solutions of supervisory control problems. Report 9310, Systems Control Group Report. Department of Electrical Engineering. University of Toronto (1993)
Kumar, R., Shayman, M.A.: Centralized and decentralized supervisory control of nondeterministic systems under partial observation. SIAM J. Control & Optimization 35, 363–383 (1997)
Lamouche, H., Thistle, J.: Effective control synthesis for des under partial observations. In: Proc. 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Sydney, NSW, Australia (2000)
Lee, S.H.: Structural Decentralised Control of Concurrent Discrete-Event Systems. PhD Thesis. Australian National University, Canberra (1998)
Lin, F., Wonham, W.M.: Decentralized control and coordination of discrete-event systems. In: Proc. 27th Conference on Decision and Control, Austin, TX, USA (1988)
Lin, F., Wonham, W.M.: Decentralized supervisory control of discrete-event systems. Information Sciences 44, 199–224 (1988)
Lin, F., Wonham, W.M.: Decentralized control and cooperation of discrete event systems with partial observations. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 35, 1330–1337 (1990)
Lynch, N.A.: Distributed Algorithms. Kaufman, San Francisco (1996)
Markovski, J., Jacobs, K.G.M., van Beek, D.A., Somers, L.J.A.M., Rooda, J.E.: Coordination of resources using generalized state-based requirements. In: Proc. 10th Int. Workshop on Discrete Event Systems, Berlin (2010)
Overkamp, A., van Schuppen, J.H.: Maximal solutions in decentralized supervisory control. SIAM J. Control & Optimization 39, 492–511 (2000)
Pena, P.N., Cury, J., Lafortune, S.: Verification of nonconflict of supervisors using abstractions. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 54, 2803–2815 (2009)
Pnueli, A., Rosner, R.: Distributed reactive systems are hard to synthesize. In: Proc. 1990 IEEE Symposium on the Foundations of Computer Science, St. Louis, MO, USA (1990)
Puri, A., Tripakis, S., Varaiya, P.: Problems and examples of decentralized observation and control for discrete event system. In: Proc. Symposium on the Supervisory Control of Discrete-Event Systems, Paris, France (2001)
Raynal, M., Helary, J.M.: Synchronization and Control of Distributed Systems and Programs. Wiley, New York (1990)
Ricker, S.L., van Schuppen, J.H.: Decentralized failure diagnosis with asynchronous communication between supervisors. In: Proc. 2001 European Control Conference, Sydney, Australia (2001)
Rohloff, K., Lafortune, S.: On the computational complexity of the verification of modular discrete-event systems. In: Proc. 41th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Las Vegas, NV, USA (2002)
Rohloff, K., Lafortune, S.: Recent results on computational issues in supervisory control. In: ATPN-Workshop on Discrete Events Systems Control. Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands (2003)
Rohloff, K., Lafortune, S.: The control and verification of similar agents operating in a broadcast network environment. In: Proc. 42th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Maui, HI, USA (2003)
Rudie, K.: A Summary of Some Discrete-Event System Control Problems. In: Domaratzki, M., Salomaa, K. (eds.) CIAA 2010. LNCS, vol. 6482, pp. 4–16. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Rudie, K., Willems, J.C.: The computational complexity of decentralized discrete-event control problems. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 40, 1313–1318 (1995)
Rudie, K., Wonham, W.M.: Protocol verification using discrete-event systems. In: Proc. 31st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Tucson, AZ, USA (1992)
Rudie, K., Wonham, W.M.: Think globally, act locally: Decentralized supervisory control. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 37, 1692–1708 (1992)
Rudie, K., Wonham, W.M.: Supervisory control of communicating processes. In: Logrippo, L., Probert, R.L., Ural, H. (eds.) Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification X, pp. 243–257. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., North Holland (1990)
Sandell Jr., N.R., Varaiya, P., Athans, M., Safonov, M.G.: Survey of decentralized control methods for large scale systems. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 23, 108–128 (1978)
Schmidt, K., Breindl, C.: Maximally permissive control of decentralized discrete event systems. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 56, 723–737 (2011)
Schmidt, K., Gaudin, B., Marchand, H.: Modular and decentralized supervisory control of concurrent discrete event systems using reduced system models. In: Proc. Int. Workshop on Discrete-Event Systems, Ann-Arbor, MI, USA (2006)
Schmidt, K., Moor, T., Perk, S.: Nonblocking hierarchical control of decentralized discrete event systems. IEEE Transactions Automatic Control 53, 2252–2265 (2008)
Šiljak, D.D.: Decentralized Control of Complex Systems. Academic Press, New York (1990)
Šiljak, D.D.: Large-Scale Dynamic Systems–Stability and Structure. New York. Dover Publications, Inc., Mineola (2007)
Su, R., van Schuppen, J.H., Rooda, J.E.: Aggregative synthesis of distributed supervisors based on automata abstraction. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 55, 1627–1640 (2010)
Tel, G.: Introduction to Distributed Algorithms, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2000)
Thistle, J.: Undecidability in decentralized supervision. Systems & Control Lett. 54, 503–509 (2005)
Thistle, J.G., Malhamé, R.P., Hoang, H.-H., Lafortune, S.: Feature interaction modelling, detection and resolution: A supervisory control approach. In: Dini, P., Boutaba, R., Logrippo, L. (eds.) Feature Interactions in Telecommunications and Distributed Systems IV, pp. 93–120. IOS Press, Amsterdam (1997)
Tripakis, S.: Undecidable problems of decentralized observation and control. In: Proc. 40th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Orlando, FL, USA (2001)
Tsitsiklis, J.N., Athans, M.: On the complexity of decentralized decision making and detection problems. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 30, 440–446 (1985)
Veríssimo, P., Raynal, M.: Time in Distributed System Models and Algorithms. In: Krakowiak, S., Shrivastava, S.K. (eds.) BROADCAST 1999. LNCS, vol. 1752, pp. 1–32. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)
Walrand, J., Varaiya, P.P.: High-Performance Communication Networks, 2nd edn. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (2000)
Wong, K.C., Wonham, W.M.: Modular control and coordination of discrete-event systems. Discrete Event Dynamics Systems 8, 247–297 (1998)
Wong, K.C., Lee, S.: Structural decentralized control of concurrent discrete-event systems. European J. Control 8, 477–491 (2002)
Wonham, W.M., Ramadge, P.J.: Modular supervisory control of discrete-event systems. Math. Control Signals Systems 1, 13–30 (1988)
Wonham, W.M.: Supervisory Control of Discrete-Event Systems. University of Toronto, Canada (2008)
Yoo, T., Lafortune, S.: New results on decentralized supervisory control of discrete-event systems. In: Proc. 39th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Sydney, NSW, Australia (2000)
Yoo, T.-S., Lafortune, S.: A general architecture for decentralized supervisory control of discrete-event systems. Discrete Event Dynamics Systems 12, 335–377 (2002)
Zhong, H., Wonham, W.M.: On the consistency of hierarchical supervisors in discrete-event systems. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 35, 1125–1134 (1990)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag London
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Komenda, J., Masopust, T., van Schuppen, J.H. (2013). Supervisory Control of Distributed Discrete-Event Systems. In: Seatzu, C., Silva, M., van Schuppen, J. (eds) Control of Discrete-Event Systems. Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences, vol 433. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4276-8_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4276-8_6
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-4275-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-4276-8
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)