Skip to main content

A Chip that Focuses an Image on Itself

  • Chapter
Analog VLSI Implementation of Neural Systems

Part of the book series: The Kluwer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science ((SECS,volume 80))

Abstract

In the modeling of neural systems, time is often treated as a sequencer, rather than as an expresser of information. We believe that this point of view is restricted, and that in biological neural systems, time is used throughout as one of the fundamental representational dimensions. We have developed this conviction partially because we model neural circuitry in analog VLSI, where time is a natural dimension to work with, and we believe there are deep similarities between the technology we use and the one nature has chosen for us.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Campbell, F.W. (1959). The accommodation response of the human eye. Brit. J. of Physiological Optics. 16:188–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, F.W. and Westheimer, G. (1959). Factors influencing accommodation responses of the human eye. J. Opt. Soc. Amer. 49:568–571.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, F.W., Robson, J.G., and Westheimer, G. (1959). Fluctuations of accommodation under steady viewing conditions. J. Physiol. 145:579–594.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denieul, P. (1982). Effects of stimulus vergence on mean accommodation response, microfluctuations of accommodation and optical quality of the human eye. Vision Res. 22:561–569.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ejiri, M., Thompson, H.E., and O’Niell, W.D. (1969). Dynamic viscoelastic properties of the lens. Vision Res. 9:233–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fujii, K., Kondo, K., and Kasai, T. (1970). An analysis of the human accommodation system. Technology Reports of Osaka University. 20:221–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helmholtz, H.V. (1924). Treatise on Physiological Optics, Vol. 1. Menasha: Optical Society of America, p. 191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horn, B. (1968). Project MAC: Focusing. MIT Artificial Intelligence Memo. No. 160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horn, B. and Sjoberg, R.W. (1981). The application of linear systems analysis to image processing. Some notes. MIT Artificial Intelligence Memo. No. 100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, C.A., Post, R.B., and Tsuetaki, T.K. (1984). Short-term variability in the resting focus of accommodation. Opthal. Physiol. Opt. 4:319–325.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kotulak, J.C. and Schor, C.M. (1986). A computational model of the error detector of human visual accommodation. Biol. Cybernetics. 54:189–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kotulak, J.C. and Schor, CM. (1986b). The accommodative response to subthreshold blur and to perceptual fading during the Troxler phenomenon. Perception. 15:7–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lazzaro, J., Ryckebusch S., Mahowald, M.A., and Mead, C.A. (1989). Winner-Take-All circuits of O(n) complexity. In Touretsky, D.S. (ed), Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 1. San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufman, pp. 703–711.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahowald, M. and Mead, CA. (1988). A silicon model of early visual processing. Neural Networks. 1:91–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marg, E., Reeves, J.L. (1955). J. Pot. Soc. Am. 45:926 (Fig. 1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mead, C.A. (1989). Analog VLSI and Neural Systems. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, D.A. (1981). The use of control systems analysis in the neurophysiology of eye movements. Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 4:463–503.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, A.W. and Miller, W.H. (1977). Photoreceptor diameter and spacing for highest resolving power. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 67:697–698.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steinman, R.M., Haddad, G.M., Skavenski, A.A., and Wyman, D. (1973). Miniature eye movements. Science. 181:810–819.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weale, R.A. (1960). The Eye and Its Function. London: Hatton.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Delbrück, T. (1989). A Chip that Focuses an Image on Itself. In: Mead, C., Ismail, M. (eds) Analog VLSI Implementation of Neural Systems. The Kluwer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, vol 80. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1639-8_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1639-8_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8905-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-1639-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics