Definition
Intracellular Ca2+ levels control nearly all cell functions. To adequately fulfill its physiological roles, cytosolic Ca2+ concentration is thus dynamically regulated by channels mediating Ca2+ exchanges with the extracellular medium or with intracellular stores, by proteins acting as Ca2+ buffers and by diffusion. In neurons, as in other electrically excitable cells, Ca2+ changes are mainly carried by Ca2+ entry from the exterior, through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. These channels are able to generate large increases in cytosolic Ca2+ in a few milliseconds. In contrast, in electrically non-excitable cells, the main source for Ca2+ is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Release of Ca2+ from the ER occurs through the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) or through the ryanodine receptor (RyR) in response to a hormonal stimulation (Fig. 1).
Schematic representation of the main processes regulating cytosolic Ca2+concentration in electrically non - excitable...
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Dupont, G. (2013). Calcium Release, Models of. In: Jaeger, D., Jung, R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7320-6_181-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7320-6_181-3
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