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Voice Device

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Biometrics

  • 116 Accesses

Synonyms

Microphone; Speech input device

Definition

Voice device in the context of biometrics is frequently used as a synonym for a simpler word: microphone. A microphone [1] is a transducer that converts sound (or, equivalently, air pressure variations) into electrical signals. There are many different types of microphones that use different methods to achieve this transduction, most of which will be revised in this entry. Besides the method employed to do the transduction, microphones are most frequently encapsulated, and the encapsulation allows to build microphones with different directional characteristics, which allow, for instance, to capture the voice coming from one direction and reject (to a certain extent) the noises or voices coming from other directions. Apart from the directionality, microphones also have different frequency responses, sensitivities, and dynamic ranges. All these characteristics can dramatically influence the performance of a speech biometric system and...

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References

  1. J. Eargle, The Microphone Book, 2nd edn. (Focal/Elsevier, Burlington, 2005)

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  2. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), NIST Speaker Recognition Evaluation, http://www.nist.gov/speech/tests/spk/

  3. P. Flichy, Une Histoire de la Communication Moderne (La Decouverte, Paris, 1997)

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  4. X. Huang, A. Acero, H.W. Hon, Spoken Language Processing (Prentice-Hall PTR, New Jersey, 2001)

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  5. International Electrotechnical Comission, Sound Systems Equipment, Part 4: Microphones. International Standard IEC 60268-4 (International Electrotechnical Comission, Geneva, 2004)

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. ATVS – Biometric Recognition Group, Escuela Politecnica Superior, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Doroteo T. Toledano, Joaquín González-Rodríguez & Javier Ortega-Garcia

Authors
  1. Doroteo T. Toledano
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  2. Joaquín González-Rodríguez
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  3. Javier Ortega-Garcia
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Biometrics and Security, Research & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Stan Z. Li

  2. Departments of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA

    Anil K. Jain

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© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Toledano, D.T., González-Rodríguez, J., Ortega-Garcia, J. (2015). Voice Device. In: Li, S.Z., Jain, A.K. (eds) Encyclopedia of Biometrics. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7488-4_15

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