A data set is a collection of data used for some specific machine learning purpose. A training set is a data set that is used as input to a learning system, which analyzes it to learn a model. A test set or evaluation set is a data set containing data that are used to evaluate the model learned by a learning system. A training set may be divided further into a growing set and a pruning set. Where the training set and the test set contain disjoint sets of data, the test set is known as a holdout set.
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(2017). Data Set. In: Sammut, C., Webb, G.I. (eds) Encyclopedia of Machine Learning and Data Mining. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7687-1_196
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