Skip to main content

Learning Constant-Depth Circuits

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Algorithms
  • 128 Accesses

Years and Authors of Summarized Original Work

  • 1993; Linial, Mansour, Nisan

Problem Definition

This problem deals with learning “simple” Boolean functions \(f :\{ 0,1\}^{n} \rightarrow \{-1,1\}\) from uniform random labeled examples. In the basic uniform-distribution PAC framework, the learning algorithm is given access to a uniform random example oracle E X(f, U) which, when queried, provides a labeled random example (x, f(x)) where x is drawn from the uniform distribution U over the Boolean cube {0, 1}n. Successive calls to the EX(f, U) oracle yield independent uniform random examples. The goal of the learning algorithm is to output a representation of a hypothesis function \(h :\{ 0,1\}^{n} \rightarrow \{-1,1\}\) which with high probability has high accuracy; formally, for any ε, δ > 0, given ε and δ the learning algorithm should output an h which with probability at least 1 −δ has \(\Pr _{x\in U}[h(x)\neq f(x)] \leq \epsilon.\)

Many variants of the basic framework described above...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 1,599.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 1,999.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Recommended Reading

  1. Blum A (2003) Learning a function of r relevant variables (open problem). In: Proceedings of the 16th annual COLT, Washington, DC, pp 731–733

    Google Scholar 

  2. Diakonikolas I, Harsha P, Klivans A, Meka R, Raghavendra P, Servedio RA, Tan L-Y (2010) Bounding the average sensitivity and noise sensitivity of polynomial threshold functions. In: Proceedings of the 42nd annual ACM symposium on theory of computing (STOC), Cambridge, pp 533–542

    Google Scholar 

  3. Furst M, Jackson J, Smith S (1991) Improved learning of AC0 functions. In: Proceedings of the 4th annual conference on learning theory (COLT), Santa Cruz, pp 317–325

    Google Scholar 

  4. Gopalan P, Servedio R (2010) Learning and lower bounds for AC0 with threshold gates. In: Proceedings of the 14th international workshop on randomization and computation (RANDOM), Barcelona, pp 588–601

    Google Scholar 

  5. Gotsman C, Linial N (1994) Spectral properties of threshold functions. Combinatorica 14(1):35–50

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Håstad J (2001) A slight sharpening of LMN. J Comput Syst Sci 63(3):498–508

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Jackson J (1997) An efficient membership-query algorithm for learning DNF with respect to the uniform distribution. J Comput Syst Sci 55:414–440

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Jackson J, Klivans A, Servedio R (2002) Learnability beyond AC0. In: Proceedings of the 34th annual ACM symposium on theory of computing (STOC), Montréal, pp 776–784

    Google Scholar 

  9. Kalai A, Klivans A, Mansour Y, Servedio R (2005) Agnostically learning halfspaces. In: Proceedings of the 46th IEEE symposium on foundations of computer science (FOCS), Pittsburgh, pp 11–20

    Google Scholar 

  10. Kane DM (2014) The correct exponent for the Gotsman-Linial conjecture. Comput Complex 23:151–175

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Kharitonov M (1993) Cryptographic hardness of distribution-specific learning. In: Proceedings of the twenty-fifth annual symposium on theory of computing (STOC), San Diego, pp 372–381

    Google Scholar 

  12. Klivans A, O’Donnell R, Servedio R (2004) Learning intersections and thresholds of halfspaces. J Comput Syst Sci 68(4):808–840

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Klivans A, Servedio R (2004) Learning DNF in time \(2^{\tilde{O}(n^{1/3}) }\). J Comput Syst Sci 68(2):303–318

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Klivans A, Sherstov A (2006) Cryptographic hardness results for learning intersections of halfspaces. In: Proceedings of the 46th IEEE symposium on foundations of computer science (FOCS), Berkeley

    Google Scholar 

  15. Kushilevitz E, Mansour Y (1993) Learning decision trees using the Fourier spectrum. SIAM J Comput 22(6):1331–1348

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. Linial N, Mansour Y, Nisan N (1993) Constant depth circuits, Fourier transform and learnability. J ACM 40(3):607–620

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Mansour Y, Sahar S (2000) Implementation issues in the Fourier transform algorithm. Mach Learn 40(1):5–33

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Naor M, Reingold O (1997) Number-theoretic constructions of efficient pseudo-random functions. In: Proceedings of the thirty-eighth annual symposium on foundations of computer science (FOCS), Miami Beach, pp 458–467

    Google Scholar 

  19. O’Donnell R, Servedio R (2006) Learning monotone decision trees in polynomial time. In: Proceedings of the 21st conference on computational complexity (CCC), Prague, pp 213–225

    Google Scholar 

  20. Servedio R (2004) On learning monotone DNF under product distributions. Inf Comput 193(1):57–74

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Stefankovic D (2002) Fourier transforms in computer science. PhD thesis, University of Chicago. Masters thesis, TR-2002-03

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this entry

Cite this entry

Servedio, A.A. (2016). Learning Constant-Depth Circuits. In: Kao, MY. (eds) Encyclopedia of Algorithms. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2864-4_195

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics