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Circuit Placement

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Algorithms

  • 179 Accesses

Synonyms

Analytical placement; EDA; Layout; Mathematical programming; Min-cost max-flow; Min-cut placement; Netlist

Years and Authors of Summarized Original Work

  • 2000; Caldwell, Kahng, Markov

  • 2006; Kennings, Vorwerk

  • 2012; Kim, Lee, Markov

Problem Definition

This problem is concerned with determining constrained positions of objects while minimizing a measure of interconnect between the objects, as in physical layout of integrated circuits, commonly done in 2 dimensions. While most formulations are NP-hard, modern circuits are so large that practical placement algorithms must have near-linear run time and memory requirements, but not necessarily produce optimal solutions. Research in placement algorithms has identified scalable techniques which are now being adopted in the electronic design automation industry.

One models a circuit by a hypergraph G h (V h , E h ) with (i) vertices V h  = { v1, …, v n } representing logic gates, standard cells, larger modules, or fixed I/O pads and (ii)...

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Recommended Reading

  1. Alpert CJ, Chan T, Kahng AB, Markov IL, Mulet P (1998) Faster minimization of linear wirelength for global placement. IEEE Trans CAD 17(1):3–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Caldwell AE, Kahng AB, Markov IL (2000) Optimal partitioners and end-case placers for standard-cell layout IEEE Trans CAD 19(11):1304–1314

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Chan T, Cong J, Sze K (2005) Multilevel generalized force-directed method for circuit placement. In: Proceedings of international symposium on physical design, San Francisco, pp 185–192

    Google Scholar 

  4. Crescenzi P, Kann V (1998) A compendium of NP optimization problems. Springer, Berlin/ Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  5. Kahng AB, Wang Q (2005) Implementation and extensibility of an analytic placer. IEEE Trans CAD 24(5):734–747

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Kennings A, Markov IL (2002) Smoothing max-terms and analytical minimization of half-perimeter wirelength. VLSI Design 14(3):229–237

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  7. Kennings A, Vorwerk K (2006) Force-directed methods for generic placement. IEEE Trans CAD 25(10):2076–2087

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Kim M-C, Lee D, Markov IL (2012) SimPL: an effective placement algorithm. IEEE Trans CAD 31(1):50–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Lin T, Chu C, Shinnerl JR, Bustany I, Nedelchev I (2013) POLAR: placement based on novel rough legalization and refinement. In: International conference on computer-aided design, San Jose, pp 357–362

    Google Scholar 

  10. Papa DA, Markov IL (2007) Hypergraph partitioning and clustering. In: Gonzalez T (ed) Approximation algorithms and metaheuristics. Chapman & Hall/CRC computer and information science series. Chapman & Hall/CRC, Florida

    Google Scholar 

  11. Reda S, Chowdhary A (2006) Effective linear programming based placement methods. In: International symposium on physical design, San Jose, pp 186–191

    Google Scholar 

  12. Roy JA, Adya SN, Papa DA, Markov IL (2006) Min-cut floorplacement. IEEE Trans CAD 25(7):1313–1326

    Article  Google Scholar 

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada

    Andrew A. Kennings

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Igor L. Markov

Authors
  1. Andrew A. Kennings
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  2. Igor L. Markov
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andrew A. Kennings .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

    Ming-Yang Kao

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© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Kennings, A.A., Markov, I.L. (2016). Circuit Placement. In: Kao, MY. (eds) Encyclopedia of Algorithms. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2864-4_69

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