Skip to main content

Anything You Say May Be Used Against You in a Court of Law

Abstract Agent Argumentation (Triple-A)

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
AI Approaches to the Complexity of Legal Systems (AICOL 2015, AICOL 2016, AICOL 2016, AICOL 2017, AICOL 2017)

Abstract

Triple-A is an abstract argumentation model, distinguishing the global argumentation of judges from the local argumentation of accused, prosecutors, witnesses, lawyers, and experts. In Triple-A, agents have partial knowledge of the arguments and attacks of other agents, and they decide autonomously whether to accept or reject their own arguments, and whether to bring their arguments forward in court. The arguments accepted by the judge are based on a game-theoretic equilibrium among the argumentation of the other agents. The Triple-A theory can be used to distinguish various direct and indirect ways in which the arguments of an agent can be used against his or her other arguments.

This work was partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 17H06103. Moreover, the third author has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skodowska-Curie grant agreement No 690974 for the project MIREL: MIning and REasoning with Legal texts.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    The other direction (i.e. for each \(\mathscr {F}_1 \in X_1(\mathscr {F})\)) is redundant by Proposition 1.

  2. 2.

    We can define multiagent semantics also as a set of arguments only, as follows: A stable MAS extension E is a subset of \(\mathcal{A}\) such that there exists a sub-framework \(\mathcal{F'}\) of \(\mathcal{F}\) such that .... As suggested by Massiliano Giacomin, there seems to be no loss of information using just extensions. We did not do so, because the resulting definition seems to become more difficult to read.

References

  1. Al-abdulkarim, L., Atkinson, K., Bench-Capon, T.: ANGELIC secrets: bridging from factors to facts in US trade secrets. In: JURIX, pp. 113–118 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Amgoud, L., Vesic, S.: A formal analyis of the role of argumentation in negotiation dialogues. J. Log. Comput. 5, 957–978 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Arisaka, R., Satoh, K.: Coalition formability semantics with conflict-eliminable sets of arguments (Extended Abstracts). In: AAMAS, pp. 1469–1471 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Awad, E., Booth, R., Tohmé, F., Rahwan, I.: Judgement aggregation in multi-agent argumentation. J. Log. Comput. 27(1), 227–259 (2017)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. Baroni, P., Boella, G., Cerutti, F., Giacomin, M., van der Torre, L.W.N., Villata, S.: On the input/output behavior of argumentation frameworks. Artif. Intell. 217, 144–197 (2014)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  6. Baroni, P., Cerutti, F., Giacomin, M., Guida, G.: AFRA: argumentation framework with recursive attacks. Int. J. Approx. Reason. 52(1), 19–37 (2011)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  7. Bench-Capon, T.: Representation of case law as an argumentation framework. In: JURIX, pp. 53–62 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bench-Capon, T., Prakken, H.: Using argument schemes for hypothetical reasoning in law. Artif. Intell. Law 18(2), 153–174 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Bench-Capon, T., Sartor, G.: A model of legal reasoning with cases incorporating theories and values. Artif. Intell. 150, 97–143 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Bex, F., Bench-Capon, T., Atkinson, K.: Did he jump or was he pushed? Abductive practical reasoning. Artif. Intell. Law 17(2), 79–99 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Bex, F., Prakken, H., Reed, C., Walton, D.: Towards a formal account of reasoning about evidence: argumentation schemes and generalisations. Artif. Intell. Law 11(2), 125–165 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Bodanza, G.A., Auday, M.R.: Social argument justification: some mechanisms and conditions for their coincidence. In: Sossai, C., Chemello, G. (eds.) ECSQARU 2009. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5590, pp. 95–106. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02906-6_10

    Chapter  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Brewka, G., Strass, H., Ellmauthaer, S., Wallner, J., Woltran, S.: Abstract dialectical frameworks revisited. In: IJCAI (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Caminada, M., Pigozzi, G.: On judgement aggregation in abstract argumentation. Auton. Agents Multi-Agent Syst. 22(1), 64–102 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Coste-Marquis, S., Devred, C., Konieczny, S.: On the merging of dung’s argumentation systems. Artif. Intell. 171(10–15), 730–753 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. Dung, P.M.: On the acceptability of arguments and its fundamental role in nonmonotonic reasoning, logic programming, and n-person games. Artif. Intell. 77(2), 321–357 (1995)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  17. Dung, P.M., Thang, P.M.: Modular argumentation for modelling legal doctrines in common law of contract. Artif. Intell. Law 17, 167–182 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Gordon, T., Prakken, H., Walton, D.: The carneades model of argument and burden of proof. Artif. Intell. 171, 875–896 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  19. Governatori, G., Olivieri, F., Rotolo, A., Scannapieco, S., Sartor, G.: Two faces of strategic argumentation in the law. In: JURIX, pp. 81–90 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Grossi, D., van der Hoek, W.: Audience-based uncertainty in abstract argument games. In: IJCAI, pp. 143–149 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Liao, B.: Toward incremental computation of argumentation semantics: a decomposition-based approach. Ann. Math. Artif. Intell. 67(3–4), 319–358 (2013)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  22. Okuno, K., Takahashi, K.: Argumentation system with changes of an agent’s knowledge base. In: IJCAI vol. 09, pp. 226–232 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Parsons, S., Sklar, E.: How agents alter their beliefs after an argumentation-based dialogue. In: Parsons, S., Maudet, N., Moraitis, P., Rahwan, I. (eds.) ArgMAS 2005. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4049, pp. 297–312. Springer, Heidelberg (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/11794578_19

    Chapter  MATH  Google Scholar 

  24. Prakken, H., Sartor, G.: A dialectical model of assessing conflicting arguments in legal reasoning. Artif. Intell. Law 4, 331–368 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Procaccia, A., Rosenschein, J.: Extensive-form argumentation games. In: EUMAS, pp. 312–322 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Rahwan, I., Larson, K.: Argumentation and game theory. In: Simari, G., Rahwan, I. (eds.) Argumentation in Artificial Intelligence, pp. 321–339. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-98197-0_16

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  27. Rahwan, I., Larson, K.: Mechanism design for abstract argumentation. In: AAMAS, pp. 1031–1038 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Rienstra, T., Perotti, A., Villata, S., Gabbay, D.M., van der Torre, L.: Multi-sorted argumentation. In: Modgil, S., Oren, N., Toni, F. (eds.) TAFA 2011. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 7132, pp. 215–231. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29184-5_14

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  29. Riveret, R., Prakken, H.: Heuristics in argumentation: a game theory investigation. In: COMMA, pp. 324–335 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Tohmé, F.A., Bodanza, G.A., Simari, G.R.: Aggregation of attack relations: a social-choice theoretical analysis of defeasibility criteria. In: Hartmann, S., Kern-Isberner, G. (eds.) FoIKS 2008. LNCS, vol. 4932, pp. 8–23. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77684-0_4

    Chapter  MATH  Google Scholar 

  31. Villata, S., Boella, G., van der Torre, L.: Attack semantics for abstract argumentation. In: IJCAI 2011, Proceedings of the 22nd International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, 16–22 July 2011, pp. 406–413 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

We thank Massimiliano Giacomin for insightful feedback on an earlier version of this paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ryuta Arisaka .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Arisaka, R., Satoh, K., van der Torre, L. (2018). Anything You Say May Be Used Against You in a Court of Law. In: Pagallo, U., Palmirani, M., Casanovas, P., Sartor, G., Villata, S. (eds) AI Approaches to the Complexity of Legal Systems. AICOL AICOL AICOL AICOL AICOL 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10791. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00178-0_29

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00178-0_29

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-00177-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-00178-0

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics