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Synergy in Innovation Systems Measured as Redundancy in Triple Helix Relations

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Springer Handbook of Science and Technology Indicators

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Abstract

The Triple Helix ( ) of university–industry–government relations can first be considered as an institutional network. However, the correlations in the patterns of relations provide another topology: that of a vector space. Meanings are provided from positions in this latter topology and from the perspective of hindsight. Meanings can be shared, and sharing generates redundancy. Increasing redundancy provides new options and reduces uncertainty; reducing uncertainty improves the innovative climate, and the generation of options (redundancy) is crucial for innovation. The knowledge base provides an engine of the economy by evolving in terms of generating new options. The trade-off between the evolutionary generation of redundancy and the historical variation providing uncertainty can be measured as negative and positive information, respectively. In a number of studies of national systems of innovation (e. g., Sweden, Germany, Spain, China), this TH synergy indicator has been used to analyze regions and sectors in which uncertainty was significantly reduced. The quality of innovation systems can thus be quantified at different geographical scales and in terms of sectors such as high- and medium-tech manufacturing or knowledge-intensive services ( ).

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Acknowledgements

We wish to thank Henry Etzkowitz, Han Woo Park, two anonymous referees, and the editors of the SPRU Working Papers Series (SWPS) for comments on previous versions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Loet Leydesdorff

  2. Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge, National Research University Higher School of Economics (NRU HSE), Moscow, Russian Federation

    Inga Ivanova

  3. Kent Business School, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK

    Martin Meyer

Authors
  1. Loet Leydesdorff
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  2. Inga Ivanova
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  3. Martin Meyer
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Loet Leydesdorff .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. ECOOM and Faculty of Economics and Business, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

    Wolfgang Glänzel

  2. Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Henk F. Moed

  3. Competence Center Policy – Industry – Innovation, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI, Karlsruhe, Germany

    Ulrich Schmoch

  4. Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK

    Mike Thelwall

Appendices

Appendix: Comparison Among Country Studies in Terms of the Main Results

Table 16.B3 Appendix I: Comparison among country studies in terms of the main results
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Appendix: Comparison Among Country Studies in Terms of the Data

Table 16.C4 Appendix II: Comparison among country studies in terms of the data
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Leydesdorff, L., Ivanova, I., Meyer, M. (2019). Synergy in Innovation Systems Measured as Redundancy in Triple Helix Relations. In: Glänzel, W., Moed, H.F., Schmoch, U., Thelwall, M. (eds) Springer Handbook of Science and Technology Indicators. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02511-3_16

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