Abstract
The aim of this research is to measure the misalignment between East Asian countries and the United States using Dynamic Ordinary Least Square through Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) approach. Unit root test, Johansen Co-integraion test, Vector Error Correction Model are employed to investigate the relationship of PPP between these countries. The results indicate that only four countries namely, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore, have the existence of purchasing power parity with the United States. The exchange rate residual implies that the fluctuation of misalignment depends on the exchange rate regime such as in Singapore. In addition, it indicates that all domestic currencies experience a downward trend and are overvalued before the financial crisis. After this period, all currencies fluctuate. Currently, only Indonesian currency is undervalued in comparison to USD.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
i represents for the countries: Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore, Philippine, Malaysia, Korea, Indonesia and Hongkong.
- 2.
All variables are conducted with intercept except Indonesia in ADF test.
References
Ahmad, Y., Glosser, S.: Searching for nonlinearities in real exchange rates. Appl. Econ. 43(15), 1829–1845 (2011)
Kavkler, A., Bori, D., Bek, J.: Is the PPP valid for the EA-11 countries? New evidence from nonlinear unit root tests. Econ. Res.-Ekonomska Istraivanja 29(1), 612–622 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2016.1189842
Asea, P.K., Corden, W.M.: The Balassa-Samuelson model: an overview. Rev. Int. Econ. 2(3), 191–200 (1994)
Assaf, A.: Nonstationarity in real exchange rates using unit root tests with a level shift at unknown time. Int. Rev. Econ. Financ. 17(2), 269–278 (2008)
Baharumshah, Z.A., Liew, K.V., Chowdhury, I.: Asymmetry dynamics in real exchange rates: new results on East Asian currencies. Int. Rev. Econ. Financ. 19(4), 648–661 (2010)
Bahmani-Oskooeea, T.C., Kuei-Chiu, L.: Purchasing power parity in emerging markets: a panel stationary test with both sharp and smooth breaks. Econ. Syst. 40, 453–460 (2016)
Balassa, B.: The purchasing-power parity doctrine: a reappraisal. J. Polit. Econ. 72(6), 584–596 (1964)
Basher, S.A., Mohsin, M.: PPP tests in cointegrated panels: evidence from Asian developing countries. Appl. Econ. Lett. 11(3), 163–166 (2004)
Chinn, D.M.: Before the fall: were East Asian currencies overvalued? Emerg. Mark. Rev. 1(2), 101–126 (2000)
Coe, P., Serletis, A.: Bounds tests of the theory of purchasing power parity. J. Bank. Financ. 26, 179–199 (2002)
Dilem, Y.: Empirical investigation of purchasing power parity for Turkey: evidence from recent nonlinear unit root tests. Cent. Bank Rev. 17(2017), 39–45 (2017)
Doğanlar, M.: Long-run validity of Purchasing Power Parity and cointegration analysis for Central Asian countries. Appl. Econ. Lett. 13(7), 457–461 (2006)
Doğanlar, M., Bal, H., Ozmen, M.: Testing long-run validity of purchasing power parity for selected emerging market economies. Appl. Econ. Lett. 16(14), 1443–1448 (2009)
Duy, H.B., Anthony, J.M., Shyama, R.: Is Vietnam’s exchange rate overvalued? J. Asia Pac. Econ. 22(3), 357–371 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1080/13547860.2016.1270041
Johansen, S.: Statistical analysis of cointegrated vectors. J. Econ. Dyn. Control 12(2–3), 231–254 (1988)
Jovita, G.: Modelling and forecasting exchange rate. Lith. J. Stat. 55(1), 19–30 (2016)
Huizhen, H., Omid, R., Tsangyao, C.: Purchasing power parity in transition countries: old wine with new bottle. Japan World Econ. 28(2013), 24–32 (2013)
Kadir, K., Bahadr, S.T.: Testing the validity of PPP theory for Turkey: nonlinear unit root testing. Procedia Econ. Financ. 38(2016), 458–467 (2015)
Kapetaniosa, G., Shinb, Y., Snell, A.: Testing for a unit root in the nonlinear STAR framework. J. Econom. 112(2), 359–379 (2003)
Kaminsky, G., Lizondo, S., Reinhart, C.M.: Leading indicators of currency crises. IMF Staff Papers 45(1), 1–48 (1998). http://www.jstor.org/stable/3867328
Kim, H.-G.: VECM estimations of the PPP reversion rate revisited. J. Macroecon. 34, 223–238 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2011.10.004
Kim, H.-G., Jei, S.Y.: Empirical test for purchasing power parity using a time-varying parameter model: Japan and Korea cases. Appl. Econ. Lett. 20(6), 525–529 (2013)
Kremers, M.J.J., Ericsson, R.J.J.M., Dolado, J.J.: The power of cointegration tests. Oxford Bull. Econ. Stat. 54(3), 325–348 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1992.tb00005.x
Krugman, R.P., Obstfeld, M., Melitz, J.M.: Price levels and the exchange rate in the long run. In: Yagan, S. (ed.) International Economics Theory and Policy, pp. 385 –386. Pearson Education (2012)
Kwiatkowski, D., Phillips, P., Schmidt, P., Shih, Y.: Testing the null hypothesis of stationarity against the alternative of a unit root: how sure are we that economic time series have a unit root? J. Econom. 54(1992), 159–178 (1992)
Lanne, M., Ltkepohl, H., Saikkonen, P.: Comparison of unit root tests for time series with level shifts. J. Time Ser. Anal. 23(6), 667–685 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9892.00285
Mei-Ching, C., Sandy, S., Yuanchen, C.: Foreign exchange intervention in Asian countries: what determine the odds of success during the credit crisis? Int. Rev. Econ. Financ. 51(2017), 370–390 (2017)
Narayan, P.K.: New evidence on purchasing power parity from 17 OECD countries. Appl. Econ. 37(9), 1063–1071 (2005)
Bergin, P.R., Glick, R., Jyh-Lin, W.: “Conditional PPP" and real exchange rate convergence in the euro area. J. Int. Money Financ. 73(2017), 78–92 (2017)
Rogoff, K.: The purchasing parity puzzle. J. Econ. Lit. 34, 647–668 (1996). http://scholar.harvard.edu/rogoff/publications/purchasing-power-parity-puzzle
Saikkonen, P., Ltkepohl, H.: Testing for a unit root in a time series with a level shift at unknown time. Econom. Theory 18(2), 313–348 (2002)
Sarno, L.: Real exchange rate behavior in the Middle East: a re-examination. Econ. Lett. 66(2), 127–136 (1999)
Shapiro, C.A.: What does purchasing power parity mean? J. Int. Money Financ. 2(3), 295–318 (1983)
Stock, J., Watson, M.: A simple estimator of cointegrating vectors in higher order integrated systems. Econometrica 61(4), 783–820 (1993)
Tastan, H.: Do real exchange rates contain a unit root? Evidence from Turkish data. Appl. Econ. 37(17), 2037–2053 (2005)
Yazgan, E.: The purchasing power parity hypothesis for a high inflation country: a re-examination of the case of Turkey. Appl. Econ. Lett. 10(3), 143–147 (2003)
Arize, A.C., Malindretos, J., Ghosh, D.: Purchasing power parity-symmetry and proportionality: evidence from 116 countries. Int. Rev. Econ. Financ. 37, 69–85 (2015)
Enders, W., Granger, C.W.J.: Unit-Root Tests and Asymmetric Adjustment With an Example Using the Term Structure of Interest Rates. J. Bus. Econ. Stat. 16(3), 304–311 (1998)
Phillips, P.C.B., Perron, P.: Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression. Biometrika 75(2), 335–346 (1998)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Tran, C.K.Q., Pham, A.H., Vo, L.K.T. (2019). Measuring Misalignment Between East Asian and the United States Through Purchasing Power Parity. In: Kreinovich, V., Thach, N., Trung, N., Van Thanh, D. (eds) Beyond Traditional Probabilistic Methods in Economics. ECONVN 2019. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 809. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04200-4_29
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04200-4_29
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-04199-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-04200-4
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)