Skip to main content

Mongolian Word Segmentation Based on Three Character Level Seq2Seq Models

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Neural Information Processing (ICONIP 2018)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNTCS,volume 11305))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Mongolian word segmentation is splitting the Mongolian words into roots and suffixes. It plays an important role in Mongolian related natural language processing tasks. To improve performance and avoid the tedious work of rule-making and statistics over large-scale corpus in early methods, this work takes a Seq2Seq framework to realize Mongolian word segmentation. Since each Mongolian word consisted of several sequential characters, we map Mongolian word segmentation to character-level Seq2Seq task, and further propose three different models from three different prospective to achieve the segmentation goal. The three character-level Seq2Seq models are (1) translation model, (2) true and pseudo mapping model, (3) binary choice model. The main differences of these three models are the output sequences and the architectures of the RNNs in segmentation. We employ an improved beam search to optimize the second segmentation model and boost the segmentation process. All the models are trained on a limited dataset, and the second model achieved the state-of-the-art accuracy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Hankamer, J.: Finite state morphology and left to right phonology. In: Proceedings of the West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, vol. 5, pp. 41–52 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Na, L., Junyi, W., Guiping, L.: Query expansion based on mongolian semantics. In: Third World Congress on Software Engineering IEEE Computer Society, pp. 25–28. IEEE, Wuhan (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Jing, W., Hou, H., Bao, F., Jiang, Y.: Template-based model for Mongolian - Chinese machine translation. In: Technologies and Applications of Artificial Intelligence, pp. 352–357. IEEE, Tainan (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Weihua, W., Feilong, B., Guanglai, G.: Mongolian named entity recognition with bidirectional recurrent neural networks. In: IEEE International Conference on TOOLS with Artificial Intelligence, pp. 495–500. IEEE, San Jose (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Liu, R., Bao, F., Gao, G., Wang, Y.: Mongolian text-to-speech system based on deep neural network. In: Tao, J., Zheng, T.F., Bao, C., Wang, D., Li, Y. (eds.) NCMMSC 2017. CCIS, vol. 807, pp. 99–108. Springer, Singapore (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8111-8_10

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Hongxu, H., Liu, Q., Nasanurtu, M.: Mongolian word segmentation based on statistical language model. Pattern Recognit. Artif. Intell. 22(1), 108–112 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ming, Y., Hongxu, H.: Researching of Mongolian word segmentation system based on dictionary, rules and language model. M.S. Thesis, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Jianguo, S., Hongxu, H., Bao, F.: Research on Slavic Mongolian word segmentation based on dictionary and rule. J. Chin. Inf. Process. 29(1), 197–202 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Hochreiter, S., Schmidhuber, J.: Long short-term memory. Neural Comput. 9(8), 1735–1780 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Luong, T., Pham, H., Manning, C.D.: Effective approaches to attention-based neural machine translation. In: Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2015, pp. 1412–1421 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Wu, Y., Schuster, M., Chen, Z., Le, Q.V., Norouzi, M.: Google’s neural machine translation system: bridging the gap between human and machine translation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1609.08144 (2016)

  12. Vaswani, A., et al.: Tensor2tensor for neural machine translation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1803.07416 (2018)

  13. Bahdanau, D., Cho, K., Bengio, Y.: Neural machine translation by jointly learning to align and translate. Computer Science. arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.0473(2014)

  14. Shiqi, S., Yong, C., Zhongjun, H., Wei, H., et al.: Minimum risk training for neural machine translation. In: ACL 2016: Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, vol. 1, pp. 1683–1692. ACL, Berlin (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Bahdanau, D., Chorowski, J., Serdyuk, D., Brakel, P., Bengio, Y.: End-to-end attention-based large vocabulary speech recognition. Computer Science, pp. 4945–4949 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Arık, S.O., Chrzanowski, M., Coates, A., Diamos, G., Gibiansky, A.: Deep voice: realtime neural text-to-speech. In: International Conference on Machine Learning and Computing, ICMLC 2017, pp. 195–2049. ACM, Singapore (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Asri, L.E., He, J., Suleman, K.: A sequence-to-sequence model for user simulation in spoken dialogue systems. In: Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, Interspeech, pp. 1151–1155. IEEE, San Francisco (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Nallapati, R., Zhou, B., Santos, C., Gulcehre, C., Xiang, B.: Abstractive text summarization using sequence-to-sequence RNNs and beyond. In: Proceedings of the 20th SIGNLL Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning, CoNLL 2016, pp. 280–290. ACL, Berlin (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  19. See, A., Liu, P.J., Manning, C.D.: Get to the point: summarization with pointer-generator networks. In: ACL 2017: Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, vol. 1, pp. 1073–1083. ACL, Vancouver (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Sutskever, I., Vinyals, O., Le, Q.V.: Sequence to sequence learning with neural networks. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 27 (NIPS 2014), vol. 4, pp. 3104–3112. MIT Press Cambridge, Montréal (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Hakkani-Tür, D., Tur, G., Celikyilmaz, A., Chen, Y.N., Gao, J., Deng, L.: Multi-domain joint semantic frame parsing using bi-directional RNN-LSTM. In: Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, Interspeech, pp. 715–719. IEEE, San Francisco (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Mnih, V., Heess, N., Graves, A., Kavukcuoglu, K.: Recurrent models of visual attention. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 27 (NIPS 2014), vol. 3, pp. 2204–2212. MIT Press Cambridge, Montréal (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Neubig, G.: Neural machine translation and sequence-to-sequence models: a tutorial, pp. 41–43. arXiv preprint arXiv: 1703.01619v1 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61762069), Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Grant No. 2017BS0601), Research program of science and technology at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Grant No. NJZY18237).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiangdong Su .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Liu, N., Su, X., Gao, G., Bao, F. (2018). Mongolian Word Segmentation Based on Three Character Level Seq2Seq Models. In: Cheng, L., Leung, A., Ozawa, S. (eds) Neural Information Processing. ICONIP 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11305. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04221-9_50

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04221-9_50

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-04220-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-04221-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics