Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Vandalized Frescoes’ Virtual Retouching

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Transdisciplinary Multispectral Modeling and Cooperation for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage (TMM_CH 2018)

Part of the book series: Communications in Computer and Information Science ((CCIS,volume 961))

  • 1501 Accesses

Abstract

In this study, we present the results of the application of virtual color restoration on the vandalized frescoes of the Church of Saint John (located in the courtyard of the University of West Attica Campus II). In order to retrieve the monument’s interior and exterior, three-dimensional scanning technology and photogrammetry were implemented in two distinct periods. In 2010, scanning through terrestrial laser scanner and capturing the interior were held. documentation via photogrammetry took place in 2016. Due to the extensive vandalism that suffered its interior, the current documentation was limited only to the monument’s exterior. For the application of digital color restoration, firstly we decided to individually apply the three retouching techniques in the virtual environment: chromatic abstraction, neutral color and mimetic color restoration technique. As the optical result of the virtual interventions was not aesthetically correct, we decided to combine contemporary aesthetic approaches, as well as basic retouching techniques and apply them in an original way: chromatic abstraction, neutral color and mimetic color restoration technique, which lead to a new mixed method. According to the Venice Charter article 9 retouching aims to restore the aesthetic value of the monument with respect to its historic value and must stop where conjecture begins. Furthermore, the retouching techniques should be visibly distinct by the authentic painting layer and any intervention made should be based on archaeological and historical knowledge. Therefore, the workflow which was decided to follow, complied with the Code of Ethics of Conservation of Cultural Heritage.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. ICOMOS: Principles for the preservation and conservation-restoration of wall paintings. In: Proceedings of the ICOMOS 14th General Assembly, Zimbabwe, Victoria Falls (2003). http://www.icomos.org/charters/wallpaintings_e.pdf. Accessed 10 July 2018

  2. Georgopoulos, A., Stathopoulou, E.K.: Data acquisition for 3D geometric recording: state of the art and recent innovations. In: Vincent, M.L., López-Menchero Bendicho, V.M., Ioannides, M., Levy, T.E. (eds.) Heritage and Archaeology in the Digital Age, pp. 1–26. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65370-9_1

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  3. Alliez, P., Bergerot, L., Bernard, J.-F., Boust, C., Bruseker, G., et al.: Digital 3D objects in art and humanities: challenges of creation, interoperability and preservation. White Paper: A result of the PARTHENOS Workshop held in Bordeaux at Maison des Sciences de l’Homme d’Aquitaine and at Archeovision Lab. (France), 30th November–2nd December 2016. PARTHENOS. Digital 3D Objects in Art and Humanities: challenges of creation, interoperability and preservation, November 2016, Bordeaux, France (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  4. ICOMOS: The Venice charter for the conservation and restoration of monuments and sites, Venice (1964). http://www.icomos.org/charters/venice_e.pdf. Accessed 10 July 2018

  5. Brajer, I.: To retouch or not to retouch? Reflections on the aesthetic completion of wall paintings, CeROArt (2015). http://ceroart.revues.org/4619. Accessed 12 July 2018

  6. Scopigno, R., et al.: 3D models for cultural heritage: beyond plain visualization. IEEE Comput. 44(7), 48–55 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Callieri, M., Dellepiane, M., Cignoni, P., Scopigno, R.: Processing sampled 3D data: reconstruction and visualization technologies. In: Stanco, F., Battiato, S., Gallo, G. (eds.) Digital Imaging for Cultural Heritage Preservation: Analysis, Restoration, Reconstruction of Ancient Artworks, pp. 103–132. Taylor and Francis, London (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Georgopoulos, A., et al.: Merging Geometric Documentation With Materials Characterization and Analysis of the History of the Holy Aedicule in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, vol. XLII-5/W1, pp. 487–494 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Hatzopoulos, J.N., Stefanakis, D., Georgopoulos, A., Tapinaki, S., Volonakis, P., Liritzis, I.: Use of various surveying technologies to 3D digital mapping and modelling of cultural heritage structures for maintenance and restoration purposes: the Tholos in Delphi, Greece. Mediterr. Archaeol. Archaeometry 17(3), 311–336 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Arabadjis, D., et al.: A novel information system for the automatic reconstruction of highly fragmented objects with application to the reassembly of prehistoric wall paintings and vessels. In: Koui, M., Zezza, F., Kouis, D. (eds.) MONUBASIN 2017, pp. 571–578. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78093-1_62

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  11. Tsiafaki, D., Koutsoudis, A., Arnaoutoglou, F., Michailidou, N.: Virtual reassembly and completion of a fragmentary drinking vessel. Virtual Archaeol. Rev. 7(15), 67–76 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Menna, F., Nocerino, E., Remondino, F., Dellepiane, M., Callieri, M., Scopigno, R.: 3D digitization of an heritage masterpiece – a critical analysis on quality assessment. XXIII ISPRS Congress, vol. XLI-B5, pp. 675–683 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Dellepiane, M., Callieri, M., Ponchio, F., Scopigno, R.: Mapping highly detailed color information on extremely dense 3D models: the case of David’s restoration. In: Eurographics (Cultural Heritage), pp. 49–56 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Dellepiane, M., et al: Multiple uses of 3D scanning for the valorization of an artistic site: the case of Luni terracottas. In: Eurographics Italian Charter Conference, Salerno, pp. 7–14 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Ranzuglia, G., Callieri, M., Dellepiane, M., Cignoni, P., Scopigno, R.: MeshLab as a complete tool for the integration of photos and color with high resolution 3D geometry data. In: CAA 2012 Conference Proceedings, pp. 406–416 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Graham, C.A.: 3D digitization in an applied context: polychromy research. In: Østergaard, J.S. (ed.) Tracking Colour. The Polychromy of Greek and Roman sculpture in the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek. Preliminary Report 4, Copenhagen, pp. 64–87 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Arbace, L., et al.: Innovative uses of 3D digital technologies to assist the restoration of a fragmented terracotta statue. J. Cult. Heritage 14(4), 332–345 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2012.06.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Siotto, E., Callieri, M., Dellepiane, M., Scopigno, R.: Ancient polychromy: study and virtual reconstruction using open source tools. J. Comput. Cult. Heritage 8(3), 1–20 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1145/2739049

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Apollonioa, F.I., Gaiania, M., Baldissini, S.: Color definition of open-air architectural heritage and archaeology artworks with the aim of conservation. Digit. Appl. Archaeol. Cult. Heritage 7, 10–31 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Orlandos, A.K.: Dyo anekdotoi naoi tōn Athēnaiōn Mpenizelōn. In: EBBS, pp. 323–328 (1931). (in Greek)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Makris, D., Vlachou, M.A., Karampinis, L.: Digital color restoration of vandalized monument’s Frescoes. In: Koui, M., Zezza, F., Kouis, D. (eds.) MONUBASIN 2017, pp. 561–569. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78093-1_61

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. Kazhdan, M., Hoppe, H.: Screened Poisson surface reconstruction. ACM Trans. Graph. 32(3), 1–13 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Blender Foundation. http://www.blender.org/. Accessed 08 July 2018

  24. Casazza, O.: Il restauro pittorico: Nell unità di metodologia. Nardini, Firenze (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  25. ICOMOS: 10th General Assembly, Colombo Proceedings, National Committee, ICOMOS 1993. Conference Volume. Sri Lanka ICOMOS National Committee, Colombo (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Brandi, C., Basile, G.: Theory of Restoration. Nardini, Firenze (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Dellepiane, M., Callieri, M.: Visualization of colour information on highly detailed 3D models, ERCIM News 67, Online Edition (2006). https://doi.org/10.1145/2487228.2487237, https://ercim-news.ercim.eu/en67/raampd-and-technology-transfer/vizualization-of-colour-information-on-highly-detailed-3d-models. Accessed 14 July 2018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Stoner, J.H., Rushfield, R.: Conservation of Easel Paintings. Routledge, London (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Maino, G., Monti, M.: Color management and virtual restoration of artworks. In: Celebi, M., Lecca, M., Smolka, B. (eds.) Color Image and Video Enhancement, pp. 183–231. Springer, Cham (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09363-5_7

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of West Attica, Campus I, Ag. Spyridonos Street, Egaleo, 122 43, Athens, Greece

    Melina Aikaterini Vlachou, Dimitrios Makris & Leonidas Karampinis

Authors
  1. Melina Aikaterini Vlachou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dimitrios Makris
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Leonidas Karampinis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dimitrios Makris .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Antonia Moropoulou

  2. National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Manolis Korres

  3. National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Andreas Georgopoulos

  4. National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Constantine Spyrakos

  5. National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Charalambos Mouzakis

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Vlachou, M.A., Makris, D., Karampinis, L. (2019). Vandalized Frescoes’ Virtual Retouching. In: Moropoulou, A., Korres, M., Georgopoulos, A., Spyrakos, C., Mouzakis, C. (eds) Transdisciplinary Multispectral Modeling and Cooperation for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage. TMM_CH 2018. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 961. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12957-6_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12957-6_11

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-12956-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-12957-6

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation