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Analysis of Ethereum Smart Contracts and Opcodes

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Book cover Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA 2019)

Part of the book series: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing ((AISC,volume 926))

Abstract

Much attention has been paid in recent years to the use of smart contracts. A smart contract is a transaction protocol that executes the terms of an agreement. Ethereum is a widely used platform for executing smart contracts, defined by using a Turing-complete language. Various studies have been performed in order to analyse smart contract data from different perspectives. In our study we gather a wide range of verified smart contracts written by using the Solidity language and we analyse their code. A similar study is carried out on Solidity compilers. The aim of our investigation is the identification of the smart contract functionalities, i.e. opcodes, that play a crucial role in practice, and single out those functionalities that are not practically relevant.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    https://www.ethereum.org/.

  2. 2.

    https://github.com/ethereum/solidity.

  3. 3.

    https://github.com/ethereum/solidity.

  4. 4.

    https://github.com/ethereum/solc-js.

  5. 5.

    https://etherscan.io/ [13].

  6. 6.

    https://www.etherchain.org/.

  7. 7.

    https://ethplorer.io/.

  8. 8.

    https://blockchair.com/ethereum.

  9. 9.

    https://github.com/GianmarcoMazzante/opcodeSurv.

  10. 10.

    http://etherscan.io/api?module=opcode&action=getopcode.

  11. 11.

    https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-211.md.

  12. 12.

    https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-141.md.

  13. 13.

    https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-140.md.

  14. 14.

    The address will remain but any interaction with it will only waste gas or ether.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

    Stefano Bistarelli

  2. University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy

    Gianmarco Mazzante, Matteo Micheletti, Leonardo Mostarda & Francesco Tiezzi

Authors
  1. Stefano Bistarelli
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  2. Gianmarco Mazzante
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  3. Matteo Micheletti
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  4. Leonardo Mostarda
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  5. Francesco Tiezzi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gianmarco Mazzante .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan

    Leonard Barolli

  2. Department of Advanced Sciences, Hosei University, Koganei-Shi, Tokyo, Japan

    Makoto Takizawa

  3. Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Fatos Xhafa

  4. Faculty of Business Administration, Rissho University, Tokyo, Japan

    Tomoya Enokido

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Bistarelli, S., Mazzante, G., Micheletti, M., Mostarda, L., Tiezzi, F. (2020). Analysis of Ethereum Smart Contracts and Opcodes. In: Barolli, L., Takizawa, M., Xhafa, F., Enokido, T. (eds) Advanced Information Networking and Applications. AINA 2019. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 926. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15032-7_46

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