Abstract
Studies from various disciplines have showed, that adding human characteristics to non-human object improves the interaction between human and this object. It can be assumed that human-like technologies have a positive influence on driver-vehicle interaction as well. This study investigates the potential to increase the willingness of truck drivers to cooperate during overtaking scenarios using anthropomorphized interfaces. Therefore, a driving simulator experiment was conducted with truck drivers. Two conversational agents have been developed, which differ in their degree of human characteristics. They supported the truck driver in the initiation and during the overtaking manoeuver by clarifying a willingness to cooperate and communicating the status of the overtaking process. The results indicated no significance in the drivers’ willingness to cooperate in interaction with the two agents. However, the perceived human likeness increased through the addition of emotionality and identity. More than half of the drivers were in favor of the more human-like agent.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
local: up to 50 km, regional: 50–150 km and long haul transport: more than 150 km per day.
References
Zlotowski, J.A.: Understanding Anthropomorphism in the Interaction Between Users and Robots. University of Canterbury. HIT Lab NZ (2015)
Vandenberghe, B., Slegers, K.: Anthropomorphism as a strategy to engage end-users in health data ideation. In: Proceedings of the 9th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, pp. 1–4. ACM Press, New York (2016)
Wang, W.: Smartphones as social actors? social dispositional factors in assessing anthropomorphism. Comput. Hum. Behav. 68, 334–344 (2017)
Klowait, N.: The quest for appropriate models of human-likeness. Anthropomorphism in media equation research. AI Soc. 33(4), 527–536 (2017)
Darling, K.: “Who’s Johnny?” Anthropomorphic framing in human–robot interaction, integration, and policy. In: Lin, P., Abney, K., Jenkins, R. (eds.) Robot Ethics 2.0: From Autonomous Cars to Artificial Intelligence. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2015)
Darling, K., Nandy, P., Breazeal, C.: Empathic concern and the effect of stories in human-robot interaction. In: 24th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, pp. 770–775 (2005)
Duffy, B.R.: Anthropomorphism and the social robot. Robot. Auton. Syst. 42(3), 177–190 (2003)
Williams, K., Flores, J.A., Peters, J.: Affective robot influence on driver adherence to safety, cognitive load reduction and sociability. In: 6th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, pp. 1–8, Seattle, USA (2014)
Nass, C., Jonsson, I.-M., Harris, H., Reaves, B., Endo, J., Brave, S., Takayama, L.: Improving automotive safety by pairing driver emotion and car voice emotion. In: CHI 2005 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, New York (2005)
Jonsson, I.-M., Dahlbäck, N.: Driving with a speech interaction system. effect of personality on performance and attitude of driver. In: 16th HCI International Conference, pp. 417–428, Springer, Cham (2014)
Waytz, A., Heafner, J., Epley, N.: The mind in the machine. Anthropomorphism increases trust in an autonomous vehicle. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 52, 113–117 (2014)
Forster, Y., Naujoks, F., Neukum, A.: Increasing anthropomorphism and trust in automated driving functions by adding speech output. In: IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), pp. 365–372 (2017)
Yang, J.-Y., Jo, Y.-H., Kim, J.-C., Kwon, D.-S.: Affective interaction with a companion robot in an interactive driving assistant system. In: IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), pp. 1392–1397 (2013)
Sirkin, D., Fischer, K., Jensen, L., Ju, W.: Eliciting conversation in robot vehicle interactions. In: Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence Spring Symposium Series, pp. 164–171 (2016)
Richardson, N.T., Lehmer, C., Lienkamp, M., Michel, B.: Conceptual design and evaluation of a human machine interface for highly automated truck driving. In: IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), pp. 2072–2077 (2018)
IMAGinE Consortium - Solutions for Cooperative Driving. https://imagine-online.de/en/home/. Accessed 31 July 2018
Ellinghaus, D., Steinbrecher, J.: Lkw im Strassenverkehr - Eine Untersuchung über die Beziehungen zwischen Lkw- und Pkw-Fahrern. Uniroyal Verkehrsuntersuchung, vol. 48. Continental AG (2002)
Fank, J., Krebs, P., Diermeyer, F.: Analyse von Lkw-Überholmanövern auf Autobahnen für die Entwicklung kooperativer Fahrerassistenzsysteme. Kooperationsbereitschaft von Lkw-Fahrern mit und ohne kooperative Fahrerassistenzsysteme. In: 34. VDI/ VW Gemeinschaftstagung Fahrerassistenzsysteme und automatisiertes Fahren (2018)
Winter, J., Leeuween, P., Happee, R.: Advantages and disadvantages of driving simulators: a discussion. In: Proceedings of Measuring Behavior 2012, pp. 47–50 (2012)
Jian, J.-Y., Bisantz, A.M., Drury, C.G.: Foundations for an empirically determined scale of trust in automated systems. Int. J. Cogn. Ergon. 4(1), 53–71 (2002)
Van Der Laan, J.D., Heino, A., de Waard, D.: A simple procedure for the assessment of acceptance of advanced transport telematics. Transp. Res. Part C: Emerg. Technol. 5(1), 1–10 (1997)
Moon, J.-W., Kim, Y.-G.: Extending the TAM for a world-wide-web context. Inf. Manage. 38(4), 217–230 (2001)
Blanz, M.: Forschungsmethoden und Statistik für die Soziale Arbeit. Grundlagen und Anwendungen. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart (2015)
Cohen, J.: A power primer. Psychol. Bull. 112(1), 155–159 (1992)
Large, D.R., Burnett, G.: Life on the road: exposing drivers’ tendency to anthropomorphise in-vehicle technology. In: 20th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2018) (2019)
Hassenzahl, M., Tractinsky, N.: User experience - a research agenda. Behav. Inf. Technol. 25(2), 91–97 (2006)
Delgado-Ballester, E., Palazón, M., Pelaez-Muñoz, J.: This anthropomorphised brand is so loveable. The role of self-brand integration. Span. J. Mark. ESIC 21(2), 89–101 (2017)
Fank, J., Lienkamp, M.: “I’m your personal co-driver—how can i assist you?” assessing the potential of personal assistants for truck drivers. In: 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Human Systems Integration (IHSI 2019): Integrating People and Intelligent Systems, pp. 795–800 (2019)
Acknowledgments
The Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy has funded the research leading to these results within the project IMAGinE: Intelligent manoeuver automation – cooperative hazard avoidance in real time.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
As first author, Jana Fank initiated the research idea of this article and contributed to the study development and data analysis. Leon Santen contributed main parts to the study design and data collection. Christian Knies contributed major knowledge to the study design and simulation. Frank Diermeyer made an essential contribution to the conception of the research project. He revised the paper critically with regard to important content and gave final approval of the version to be published. Special thanks goes to Anja Schweiger who contributed to data collection.
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Fank, J., Santen, L., Knies, C., Diermeyer, F. (2020). “Should We Allow Him to Pass?” Increasing Cooperation Between Truck Drivers Using Anthropomorphism. In: Stanton, N. (eds) Advances in Human Factors of Transportation. AHFE 2019. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 964. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20503-4_43
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20503-4_43
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-20502-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-20503-4
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)