Abstract
To ensure road safety, automated vehicles (AVs) should be able to act and react to vulnerable road users (VRUs). External human-machine interfaces (e-HMIs) may allow AVs and VRUs to communicate effectively. We investigated the effects of various light signals presented by a light bar placed on the test vehicle’s roof (i.e. e-HMI). In addition, the driver was visible or the car appeared driverless by using a seat suit that covered the driver (Wizard-of-Oz design). A total of 173 random pedestrians passing by were interviewed. Participants felt significantly safer during the interaction with the vehicle when a driver was visible, while they evaluated the presented light signals as only partially trustworthy and unintuitive to understand. However, participants evaluated the application of light signals as e-HMIs for AVs as generally useful.
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Notes
- 1.
In the condition “no signal/ driver visible”, no questionnaire or interview data was collected.
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Acknowledgements
The study was a part of the project “InMotion – Light-based communication between automated vehicles and other road users” and is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI), grant no 16AVF2016A.
The test vehicle for conducting the study was provided by the Ford Motor Company.
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Hensch, AC., Neumann, I., Beggiato, M., Halama, J., Krems, J.F. (2020). How Should Automated Vehicles Communicate? – Effects of a Light-Based Communication Approach in a Wizard-of-Oz Study. In: Stanton, N. (eds) Advances in Human Factors of Transportation. AHFE 2019. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 964. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20503-4_8
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