Abstract
Distributed embedded systems for safety-critical applications demand reliable communication with real-time characteristics. Switched Ethernet-based network is a practical and scalable solution that allows high-reliability level through path redundancy. The Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) standard is being developed to support real-time communication which supports a deterministic and low latency communication for safety-critical control applications, namely, Time-Triggered (TT) traffic class. In addition, a bounded-latency traffic class, namely, Audio Video Bridging (AVB) class is introduced. In this paper, we propose a multipath routing technique which tackles both TT and AVB traffic simultaneously. The proposed approach investigates satisfying path redundancy requirements for each message while the imposed interference from TT traffic on AVB traffic is minimized. The considered routing problem is formalized as an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) optimization problem. The Worst Case end-to-end Delay (WCD) is the optimization objective. 50 test cases of various network size and number of messages are solved to evaluate the performance, i.e., interference reduction, and the scalability of the proposed technique. Results demonstrate WCD reduction up to 90% comparing to the typical routing approach that determines TT and AVB routing in separate steps.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Laursen, S.M., Pop, P., Steiner, W.: Routing optimization of AVB streams in TSN networks. ACM SIGBED Rev. 13, 43–48 (2016)
Nayak, N.G., Durr, F., Rothermel, K.: Routing Algorithms for IEEE802.1Qbv Networks (2017)
Atallah, A.A., Bany Hamad, G., Ait Mohamed, O.: Reliability-aware routing of AVB streams in TSN networks. In: Mouhoub, M., Sadaoui, S., Ait Mohamed, O., Ali, M. (eds.) IEA/AIE 2018. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 10868, pp. 697–708. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92058-0_67
Schweissguth, E., Danielis, P., Timmermann, D., Parzyjegla, H., Muhl, G.: ILP-based joint routing and scheduling for time-triggered networks. In: Proceedings of 25th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems, pp. 8–17. ACM (2017)
Tanasa, B., Dutta Bordoloi, U., Eles, P., Peng, Z.: Reliability-aware frame packing for the static segment of FlexRay. In: Proceedings of the Ninth ACM International Conference on Embedded Software, pp. 175–184. ACM (2011)
Mahfuzi, R., Aminifar, A., Samii, S., Rezine, A., Eles, P., Peng, Z.: Stability-aware integrated routing and scheduling for control applications in Ethernet networks. In: Design, Automation and Test in Europe (DATE) (2018)
Kehrer, S., Kleineberg, O., Heffernan, D.: A comparison of fault-tolerance concepts for IEEE 802.1 time-sensitive networks (TSN). In: Emerging Technology and Factory Automation (ETFA), pp. 1–8 (2014)
Smirnov, F., Glaß, M., Reimann, F., Teich, J.: Formal reliability analysis of switched Ethernet automotive networks under transient transmission errors. In: Design Automation Conference (DAC), pp. 1–6. IEEE (2016)
Gavrilut, V., Zarrin, B., Pop, P., Samii, S.: Fault-tolerant topology and routing synthesis for IEEE time-sensitive networking. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems, pp. 267–276. ACM (2017)
Atallah, A.A., Hamad, G.B., Ait Mohamed, O.: Fault-resilient topology planning and traffic configuration for IEEE 802.1 Qbv TSN networks. In: 24th International Symposium on On-Line Testing and Robust System Design (IOLTS), pp. 151–156. IEEE (2018)
Smirnov, F., Glaß, M., Reimann, F., Teich, J.: Optimizing message routing and scheduling in automotive mixed-criticality time-triggered networks. In: Design Automation Conference (DAC), pp. 1–6. IEEE (2017)
IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks - Bridges and Bridged Networks - Amendment 25: Enhancements for Scheduled Traffic. IEEE Std, March 2015
Yen, J.Y.: An algorithm for finding shortest routes from all source nodes to a given destination in general networks. Q. Appl. Math. 27(4), 526–530 (1970)
Paulitsch, M., Schmidt, E., Gstottenbauer B., Scherrer, C., Kantz, H.: Time-triggered communication (industrial applications), pp. 121–152 (2011)
ETG.1000.1 EtherCAT Specification. Standard, EtherCAT Technology Group, March 2013
McCabe, M., Baggerman, C.: Avionics architecture interface considerations between constellation vehicles. In: IEEE/AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference. IEEE (2009)
Tamas-Selicean, D., Pop, P., Steiner, W.: Design optimization of TTEthernet-based distributed real-time systems. Real-Time Syst. 51(1), 1–35 (2015)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Atallah, A.A., Bany Hamad, G., Ait Mohamed, O. (2019). Multipath Routing of Mixed-Critical Traffic in Time Sensitive Networks. In: Wotawa, F., Friedrich, G., Pill, I., Koitz-Hristov, R., Ali, M. (eds) Advances and Trends in Artificial Intelligence. From Theory to Practice. IEA/AIE 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11606. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22999-3_44
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22999-3_44
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-22998-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-22999-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)