Keywords

1 Introduction

Li House is a form of architecture formed in the 19th century in Qingdao. Its history is almost coincident with the history of Qingdao in the time span. It is a witness to the history of Qingdao. Qingdao Li House is the result of the collision and blend of colonial culture and local culture in history, but it is also extremely embarrassing existence under the impact of modern culture. For the indigenous people in Qingdao, it carries their memories of the traditional Qingdao culture and the Chinese traditional neighborhood culture. However, compared to the current living conditions and higher economic level, Li House with poor living conditions has gradually kept away from the prosperous age, and even became synonymous with “dirty” and “mess”.

2 Necessity and Feasibility of Research on Reconstruction of Qingdao Li House Area

2.1 The Destruction of the Li House Buildings Is Serious

The urbanization process has had a huge impact on the Li House buildings. The first is the abnormal population density that makes the Li House overloaded. According to records, the total population of Qingdao in 1933 was only 400,000, but it was close to 4.05 million in the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. In contrast, the actual number of the Li House buildings increased from 506 to 513 during the 17 years from 1933 to 1949 [1]. This has led to a reduction in the per capita area of the Li House, and the Li House facilities have been unable to meet the basic needs of modern life. In order to seek space, the crowded residents arbitrarily expanded in the Li House, which inevitably causes damage to the Li House buildings (see Fig. 1).

Fig. 1.
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Expansion of the Li House

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The second is the damage caused by the construction of infrastructure to the Li House buildings. The building of the Li House was built in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Due to the social conditions at that time, the original Li House was not energized, and one building was only one to four running water supplies according to its size. After the founding of New China, the water pipeline renovated several times, the buildings electrified and the road rebuilt. Each time the construction of infrastructure brought convenience to the local residents, it was also a destruction of the original structure of the Li House.

The fourth is the demolition of the Li House buildings. Due to the exclusion of Japanese architecture during the Japanese occupation of Qingdao, the buildings built at the time were the first to be demolished. Now, the renovation of the old city is still going on. The website of the Qingdao Urban Planning Bureaus shows that a large number of Li House buildings are facing the result of demolition or collection.

The last one is accidental disasters. Most of the Li House buildings are made of wood, and some have collapsed due to disrepair for years. Some of the Li House buildings are uninhabited, and weeds grow rapidly, that accelerating the corrosion and destruction of the buildings. The wooden structure is very prone to fires. The largest-scale Li House Guangxingli suffered a fire in September 2016, which directly caused nearly half of the building to be burned.

2.2 The Bad Image of Li House Is Harmful to the Image of Qingdao

Before China’s reform and opening up, Li House was always the commercial center of Qingdao. But after China’s reform and opening up, especially in the past two decades, the economic center moved eastward, the establishment of the Laoshan commercial district and the Huangdao development zone all dispersed the commercial functions of the Li House area. At the same time, Li House is located in the core area of Qingdao tourism, surrounded by famous scenic spots of Qingdao, which is in great contrast with the surrounding environment and other buildings (see Fig. 2). In today’s Li House, population and construction problems coexist. The image of the Li House has become a tricky problem for the Qingdao government.

Fig. 2.
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The contrast between the Li House and its surrounding environment

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2.3 Feasibility of Reconstruction in Li House Area

In the process of modernization, the importance of cultural heritage has become increasingly prominent, and it has become a symbol of national sovereignty and a basis for determining national identity. In the context of globalization, all countries in the world are concerned about localized heritage protection and renovation to adapt to the development of the times [2].

In order to gain a deeper understanding of the local residents’ willingness and the government’s intention to reconstruction, in a period of more than one year, our team visited 36 Li House, interviewed 21 households, visited the Zhongshan Road Street office in Qingdao, consulted relevant experts and scholars and issued 350 questionnaires. Through interviews and questionnaire surveys, a large number of first-hand data on the history and current situation of the Li House was obtained. The data combined with the government’s intentions and experts’ views provide strong support for the research on the reconstruction of the Li House.

For the protection and reconstruction of regional cultural heritage, there have been many successful cases in China, which are analyzed in detail later. These provide support for feasibility the reconstruction of the Li House area and provide models and ideas that can be used for reference. In the Li House area, individuals and the government have tried to reconstruct, although the results are not ideal, but it proves that the reconstruction has certain social and economic value and provides ideas for the research on the reconstruction of the Li House.

3 Overview of the Basic Status of Qingdao Li House

3.1 Overview of the History of Li House

The first batch of Li House can be traced back to the Tapautau in the early 20th century. At that time, Qingdao was occupied by the Germans. The German government made a new urban plan in 1898: it was bounded by the Tapautau, the south was the area for white people, and the north was for Chinese [3]. As the demarcation point between Chinese area and European area, the unique geographical location makes the buildings in the Tapautau blend with the characteristics of Chinese and Western buildings. Guangxinli (see Fig. 3), the most well-preserved and largest-scale Li House, which was built in 1897, is a typical representative.

Fig. 3.
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Panorama of Guangxinli

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As a young type of building, the Li House has always changed its architectural form. The external factors of the society drive the change in the Li House, which is reflected in the structure of the building, the structure of the residents, the way of their life, and the cultural. The history of the Li House can be summarized as the two modernizations of the Li House.

The first modernization was based on the beginning of the colonial history of Qingdao, with the emergence and rapid development of the Li House as result. At the end of the 19th century, Germany occupied Qingdao and devoted large amount of financial resources, which greatly promoted the modernization of Qingdao. In the 17 years of being colonized, Qingdao has become a famous port city in China from a fishing village. This has far-reaching implications for the emergence and rapid development of the Li House. In the process of urban planning and construction of the German colonists, the Li House was planned to be the main building of the Tapautau, a Chinese gathering area in the three major districts of Qingdao. The perfect infrastructure and commercial prosperity in the core area of the Tapautau have attracted a large number of people, that provided a population basis for the initial development of the Li House.

The second modernization of the Li House was accompanied by the beginning of the reform and opening up. After the reform and opening up, Qingdao has developed rapidly with its well-preserved economic base and strategic position as an important port city in the north. The modernization and urbanization have made the Li House fall behind the requirements of the times more and more serious. First, there are many problems in the Li House, such as old buildings and mixed residents. Second, the backward structure of the Li House has been unable to meet the increasing demand for the quality of life. More young people have left and driven the middle-aged and older people to leave the Li House. Third, the inhabitants of the migrant population, especially the bottom population, and the loss of the original population have changed the population structure of the Li House, which directly led to the loss of the multi-culture of the Li House. Under the pressure of this, in the government’s urban planning for Qingdao, the Li House area was clearly listed as an old city and will be gradually reconstructed.

3.2 Distribution Status of Existing Li House

The Li House is located in the old city of Qingdao, namely the Shinan District and the Shibei District. In the two districts, the Li House is clustered. The Li House expanded on a street-by-street basis (see Fig. 4).

Fig. 4.
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Information map of distribution of the Li House

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3.3 Architectural Form of the Li House

Li House was called the buildings “compromised Chinese style and foreign style” in the 1922 Qingdao Outline [4]. The design style of the Li House combines Chinese and Western architectural styles. First, it conforms to the layout of western modern urban planning ideas and it conforms to the internal structure of traditional Chinese courtyard. Second, it conforms to the stone building system that Western architectural features and it conforms to Chinese-style wooden corridors, doors and windows. It perfectly integrates western new-style apartment houses with traditional Chinese courtyard houses. It is a reflection of the fusion of Eastern and Western cultures (see Fig. 5).

Fig. 5.
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Top view of Li House

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The architectural form of the Li House is unique and novel (see Fig. 6). The residents of the older generation called the Li House the tube-shaped apartment buildings. In the architectural form, the Li House should be defined as architectural complex with courtyards, which is composed of two-story to four-story single buildings. The building unit has three sides of the wall, leaving a door on one side. The building units are connected to form a cluster. The three-section vertical design has skylights on the roof, courtyard gathered in the plane and the front door. The wooden frame is matched with reinforced concrete. The internal layout is structured and the corridor stairs extend in all directions.

Fig. 6.
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The architectural form of the Li House

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In the planning of the colonized period, the single building area of the Li House buildings was not much different, but due to the influence of building use, population density and geographical location, the single building area of the Li House was gradually polarized in its later development. Some of them became larger Li House and some became tiny Li House which is located on the edge of the city. From the analysis of 46 typical Li House (see Fig. 7), it can be seen that the majority of single building area of the Li House are concentrated between 400 m2 and 700 m2.

Fig. 7.
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Chart of the single building area of the Li House buildings

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The planning of the Li House was built according to the terrain. Based on the hilly terrain in Qingdao, the flat form of the Li House is also variable. On the basis of the four basic forms (“I” type, “L” type, “ ” type and “ ” type), the Li House buildings have formed a rich and varied planar form in the later period through the combination of basic forms (see Fig. 8).

Fig. 8.
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Flat form of the Li House

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3.4 Cultural Connotation and Characteristics of Li House

Li House, as a representative of Qingdao, is closely related to Qingdao’s history, humanities and residents’ lifestyles. The culture of the Li House, which was born out, developed and even disappeared because of the influence of the buildings themselves and society.

Inclusiveness of Immigration Culture.

As a colonized city, it decided Qingdao’s early immigration culture. During the German occupation period, the immigrant population in Qingdao increased rapidly, and the Li House played an important role in carrying the immigrant population. The residence of the Li House was divided into three categories at that time: the business center of Zhongshan Road as a commercial center, the residents of Xizhen were handicraftsmen, and the Li House around customs were more engaged in railway and port related staff. In the Li House, people of all social class and birthplace can find their place here. This inclusiveness of architecture constitutes a unique immigrant culture in the culture of the Li House.

Unique Neighborhood Culture.

The unique structure of the Li House promotes the birth of a unique neighborhood culture. Compared with the characteristics of personal privacy and the pursuit of personal freedom in the Western architectural structure, the early residents of the Li House were influenced by the tough social environment and the traditional concept of “neighbors are better than distant relatives”. They help each other and live in harmony. “One house is a small family and one courtyard is a big family.” The residents in the Li House familiar with each other and help each other.

Commercial and Entertainment Center for Commercial and Residential Use.

The special commercial and residential dual-use function, dense population and the core urban area of Qingdao make each Li House, especially the large Li House, play a rule of commercial and entertainment center which is similar to modern department before the reform and opening up. The role of the Li House forms the unique culture of the center of commercial and entertainment. According to records, before the founding of China, the Li House was full of shops, and the service industries were also intertwined. For example, the largest existing Li House, Guangxingli, was used as a cinema; Pingkangwuli used to be the largest and most famous brothel in Qingdao; the Jiangning Hall in the Pichaiyuan was the most prosperous teahouse in Qingdao. The whole area only needs one kind of building that can meet commercial and residential needs. It can be rare in China to satisfy people’s living and entertainment.

3.5 A Summary of the Living Conditions of Li House Residents

Population Structure of Li House.

During the German occupation period, the Li House has become a place that people yearn for in Qingdao and its surrounding areas because of the commercial and residential use. During this period, the population structure of the Li House has three characteristics. First, in age composition, people aged 20–55 were dominant. The age of the population tended to be younger, that injected vitality into the economic and cultural development of the Li House. Second, the occupational composition was influenced by the immigrant culture of Qingdao. Most of the residents were immigrants and they were generally individual merchants. It was also the basis for the economic prosperity of the Li House. Third, in terms of population, the prosperity of the Li House has attracted more and more people. The population has increased rapidly during this period.

After the reform and opening up, the population structure of the Li House has undergone big changes. A large number of outsiders poured into Qingdao. A lot of original residents of the Li House moved out and sold or leased the house to migrant workers who pursued price and geographical advantage. The resident composition was transformed into migrant workers and original residents. According to our research in 2016 (see Table 1), there were only two or three families of original residents in each Li House, and the other residents were migrant workers. Due to the needs of urban construction planning, the government demolished some of the dilapidated Li House and residents were forced to leave. The population of the Li House is decreasing year by year.

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of Li House
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Living Conditions of Residents in the Li House.

The purpose of the reconstruction of the Li House is to protect the traditional buildings of the Li House, and on the other hand, to improve the lives of local residents. It is most meaningful to investigate and study the living conditions of the residents from the basic needs of their lives. Through this research on the state of living conditions, it is possible to bring different ideas to the protection and reconstruction of the Li House.

Cooking.

Most families do not have a separate kitchen, they are cooking in a temporary kitchen of less than two square meters on an outdoor aisle. The health conditions in the Li House are extremely poor, and the conditions for cooking and eating are simple. Residents use natural gas, induction cookers, gas and a simple cooking pot to cook. A small number of residents eat outside.

Toilet.

The majority of residents use public toilets inside the Li House. Some public toilets are unmanaged. The drainage system is seriously blocked. Excreta disposal is not timely, which causing stinky smell. Some residents in small Li House coordinate to clean toilets, so the toilets are better sanitary.

Sanitation Status.

The resident population of Li House has decreased and the number of people renting has increased. No one is responsible for public areas, so sanitation is poor. There is not enough indoor storage space, and the aisles are full of debris, which appears to be very messy. Even some residents’ daily garbage is thrown directly from the upper floor.

Property Security.

The doors of the Li House are made of wood. In the past, residents used padlocks outside the door. It is known that there have been several incidents of property theft. After that, padlocks were changed to rim locks, but it still could not solve the theft problem fundamentally.

Fire Problem.

The Li House buildings have a large number of wooden structures. And they have debris piles, small entrances and exits, no clear fire instructions and fire equipment. The residents lack basic fire awareness. There are serious safety hazards.

4 Research on the Countermeasures for the Reconstruction of Li House Area

4.1 Domestic Reconstruction Case Analysis

The Five Avenues.

The Five Avenues in Tianjin is the most exclusive residential area in the British Concession in the early 20th century. For more than 100 years, it has retained its original streets and is currently the largest and most complete foreign concession in China. The reconstruction of The Five Avenues completely preserved the buildings at that time, avoiding the consequences of the destruction of the original historical features after the large-scale demolition of other cities in China. The Tianjin government has adopted a small-scale, gradual update model. The focus is on protecting the historical appearance of buildings of The Five Avenues and coordinating with the surrounding environment. It embedding the social functions required by some modern societies into the original buildings under the premise of not destroying the outlook of historical buildings.

Kulangsu.

Kulangsu in Xiamen is be called “Architecture Expo”. This is because Kulangsu was occupied by many countries in the early 20th century and built embassies. Xiamen attaches great importance to the historical identification and protection of embassies of various countries. At the same time of protection, tourism is introduced as a development factor. Local residents benefit from the tourism industry and cooperate with the development of the tourism industry to make other historical buildings fully used. After the tourism industry in Kulangsu was fully developed, the local government formulated laws to restrict tourists and required merchants to undertaking the responsibility of protecting historic buildings while develop their own business.

4.2 Existing Case of Li House Reconstruction

The existing case of reconstruction of the Li House is a single building reconstruction and reuse, but there is no research in the overall planning and reconstruction.

Pichaiyuan in Li House.

Located in the commercial circle of Zhongshan Road in Qingdao, Pichaiyuan was once the food and entertainment center in the 1930s and 1940s. After the reform and opening up, the catering industry was still booming. However, after the 1990s, due to the eastward movement of the city center, the Zhongshan Road business district gradually declined. The Pichaiyuan became deserted and lost its original vitality.

Conditions Before and After the Reconstruction.

Before the reconstruction in 2007, the Pichaiyuan was already ruined. The original old buildings inside the Pichaiyuan were mixed with illegal buildings. The living condition in the Pichaiyuan was also evil. Due to years of disrepair, the wooden stairs were corrupt, and the corridor and the walls were cracked.

In 2007, the Qingdao Municipal Government re-planned and reconstruct it. The Pichaiyuan finally restored its original features and the economy began to revive. Today’s Pichaiyuan is a food street that is loved by local people and tourists in Qingdao.

Reconstruction Positioning.

The area where the Pichaiyuan is located has a high density of buildings and an excellent location, which makes the Pichaiyuan no longer suitable for the original functional mode. Considering this situation, The Qingdao Municipal Government positioned its reconstruction as a commercial street of food that reflects the local culture of Qingdao.

Planning Layout of Reconstruction.

Taking the Jiangning Road Cross Street as the axis, the Pichaiyuan is divided into a snack street and four functional areas (see Table 2).

Table 2. A snack street and four functional areas (Quoted from Protection and Renovation of Qingdao Li House Buildings)
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Lessons Learned.

What can be learned: First, the implementer of the reconstruction is the Qingdao Municipal Government. While protecting the original features of the historical district, it also considers the tourism development and building protection in the area. Second, in the reconstruction of the Pichaiyuan, the means of functional replacement has been adopted, and while restoring its historical positioning, it has also brought about the economic recovery of the surrounding areas. Third, it has adopted a step-by-step reconstruction to protect the basic features of the Li House buildings as much as possible, highlighting the Li House culture.

Inadequacies: First, the investment is too large, and the rate of return is slow. Second, some buildings have been dismantled for new construction, which has destroyed their original features.

Li House Inn.

Li House Inn is located at No. 10 Baoding Road, south of the west gate of Pichaiyuan, next to Zhongshan Road. The Li House Inn was originally a dilapidated Li House. It was transformed into a hotel by private investment. It was repaired on the basis of not destroying its original structure and combined with modern architecture and home design (see Fig. 9).

Fig. 9.
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Li House Inn (Color figure online)

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Li House Inn has 35 separate rooms. Due to the characteristics of the Li House buildings, the structure of each room is different, and the decoration is different. It shows the unique structure of Li House. There is an open-air table in the courtyard for visitors to chat, so that guests can return to the time of “neighborhood harmony”.

Architectural Environment Design for the Reconstruction of Li House Inn.

In the reconstruction design process of the Li House Inn, the designer restores the original historical features as the main goal. Through the reconstruction of the existing Li House and the use of modern new materials and decorative styles, the combination of new and old is realized.

In order to continue the style of the historic buildings in the Li House, the Li House Inn did not change the original structure of the house, and retained and repaired the red wooden railings, red tiles, wooden stairs and other features of the Li House. In the details, the color of the building still uses the original color of the Li House, but with minor adjustments to create a retro but warm atmosphere.

On the Corridor of the Li House Inn, the contrast photos before and after the reconstruction of the Li House Inn were hanged to help visitors understand the structure of the Li House.

Lessons Learned.

What can be learned: First, the Li House Inn has largely restored the historical architecture of the Li House. Second, the reconstruction of the Li House Inn is a fusion of tradition and modernity, enriching the image of the Li House; Third, it makes full use of the commercial value of the Li House.

Inadequacies: First, the implementation of the reconstruction is limited to individuals and small groups. Second, the scope of the reconstruction is small, not enough to be used as a model for the reconstruction of all the Li House.

Through the analysis of the above two cases of reconstruction of the Li House, it can be seen that the reconstruction of the Pichaiyuan is dominated by the government for the purpose of the revival of the old city and the economic and tourism development. The reconstruction of the Li House Inn is dominated by individuals and small groups in order to make full use of the new commercial value developed by the Li House. Although both of them have made different attempts to reform the Li House, the results are not ideal. The Li House has not fully played its role in the new era, and its influence is not great.

4.3 Research on the Reconstruction of the Li House Under the Service Design

The Combination of Li House Reconstruction and Service Design.

From the analysis of many domestic cases, in the old city reconstruction based on the unique architectural form, highlighting its service function to people is the main trend. Li House is an old building form with the same history as Qingdao. The problems of architecture, society and population in its area are complex. To rebuild it, we must balance the relationships among architecture, economy, society and residents [5]. It is one of the feasible ways to explore the countermeasures for the reconstruction of Li House in combination with service design for the bottleneck encountered in the reconstruction of Li House at present.

In recent years, service design has gradually penetrated into all aspects of social production from the field of design specialty [6]. Service design is integrated into life, changing human’s view of the world and human’s way to life [7]. Service design is a comprehensive design that combines tangible products and intangible services [8]. Effective integration of service design into the reconstruction research of Li House can bring new concepts for protecting Li house buildings and inheriting Li house culture.

From the point of view of service design, it is meaningless to study architecture alone [9]. The change of architectural form is the result of adapting to the development of society. All architectural forms serve people’s life. The residential function of the Li House is bound to be eliminated in the process of social and economic development. The decline and extinction of the Li House buildings are accompanied by the cultural heritage of Qingdao and the spiritual sustenance of the first generation of Qingdao people. However, the Li House only lost its actual habitability, and its social, cultural and economic value can still play its role through service design. The combination of architectural reconstruction and service design [10]. The Li House without residential function, after reasonable reconstruction, can provide people with more other services, and even better inheritance of cultural heritage.

Exploration of the Reconstruction of Li House

Based on the Development of Qingdao Tourism.

From the successful cases of the reconstruction of Li House, the main line is the development of tourism and the reconstruction of Li House. Qingdao is a famous tourist city in China, and the Li House Cluster is located at the core of Qingdao tourist area, with a huge flow of people. Combining the tourism industry with the unique architectural form of Li House will revitalize the vitality of the old buildings, give tourism cultural new connotation, and even become a new feature of Qingdao tourism.

As a typical seasonal tourist city, Qingdao takes the seashore as its tourism characteristic, which is greatly influenced by the season. In the peak season, the scenic spots are crowded, while in the off season, tourists are scarce. If we develop tourism routes that do not depend on the coast, such as Li House, it will help to disperse the flow of tourists, improve the tourist experience, expand the tourism diversity of Qingdao and get rid of the current tourism pattern which is greatly affected by the season. With the development of tourism in coastal cities such as Yantai and Weihai nearby, Qingdao’s tourism industry has been impacted. Qingdao urgently needs to develop other special tourism routes besides coastal tourism.

Overall Planning.

To maximize the role of the Li House, it is impossible to achieve it only by the reconstruction of some Li House. Both the Pichaiyuan and the Li House Inn are attempts to do reconstruction in a single Li House. Although the actual habitability of the Li House has been transferred to the tourism industry, it has not had a great impact in China. The main reason is that there is no overall planning for the whole Li House area, the value of each part of the Li House area is not fully utilized, and the relationship between each part is not well coordinated.

Therefore, the best choice for the reconstruction of Li House is to make overall planning, so that the reconstruction of Li House not only serves the tourism industry, but also serves the architectural protection, cultural inheritance and the life of the residents of the Li House. While protecting the Li House buildings, the local residents can benefit from it, so that the residents may not move out, and the culture of Li House can be preserved and inherited.

Li House buildings is relatively centralized. The historic cities with centralization include Pingyao ancient city in Shanxi Province and Wuzhen in Jiaxing. Their development is to delimit a region as a tourist area, in which there are no manufacturers or other industries unrelated to tourism services. Therefore, the Li House area can be built as a tourism service area in entirety, encouraging and supporting the original residents transform into the service industry. Some old-fashioned catering businesses in Li House can also be retained to form Qingdao characteristic catering. The unique space structure of Li House buildings will give tourists different experience from other residential quarters. Therefore, some of the well-preserved Li House can also be transformed into characteristic residential quarters according to the original room pattern, in order to form an integrated tourism service system of entertainment, experience, catering and accommodation.

Make Full Use of the Unique Architectural Form of Li House.

The unique architectural form of Li House is the biggest characteristic of Li House area. This unique architectural form provides a variety of possibilities for its reconstruction. The combination of Chinese quadrangle and Western apartments makes it unique in shape, reasonable in layout and large in capacity. It can be used for visiting or reconstructed into museums, showrooms, apartments and residential quarters. Commercial and residential building form can be transformed into shops, business districts, tourist streets, etc.

From the perspective of propaganda after reconstruction, the unique architectural form of Li House itself is a kind of propaganda material. During the research period, we met a crew who was filming in Pingkangwuli. After consulting the newspaper, the buildings in Li House area have attracted film and television crews to shoot many times. Some buildings with image shooting value can be repaired and restored. They can be planned to be small film bases that be used for tourists to visit and film crews to shoot. Film taken in the Li House can play a propaganda role for Li House.

Combining with Li House Culture and Qingdao Culture.

Li House culture mentioned above is a unique culture based on Li House architecture. In the reconstruction of Li House area, it must be supported by Li House culture. First of all, in the process of reconstruction of Li House, we should not abandon the culture of Li House or only repair Li House buildings and make use of its economic value. Li House culture is a kind of inclusive culture. This inclusive spirit is embodied in the reconstruction of the old architectural form and the development of the new era. The reconstruction must combine Li House buildings with the development of the times. Second, we can make full use of Li House culture in the service function of Li House. The characteristics of neighborhood culture in Li House culture are missing in the contemporary era, so it can be transformed into a unique experience and integrated into the service of Li House, such as creating the atmosphere of neighborhood in Li House tourism service and enhancing the experience of “neighborhood harmony” that consumers desire.

In addition, Qingdao is rich in local folk culture which can be display and exhibition in Li House building. Some similar examples made success in China such as 798 Art Park in Beijing, Liangzhu Culture Village in Taiwan and Tianzifang in Shanghai. There are also Creative 100 Park in Qingdao, but Creative 100 Park is a purely creative industry, not combined with Qingdao characteristics. Therefore, the local folk culture and art of Qingdao can be introduced into Li House area to create an innovative Park combining artistic innovation with traditional architectural folklore. This is not only conducive to the spread of Qingdao folk culture, but also conducive to increasing the influence of Li House area.

5 Conclusion

In the process of urbanization in China, the phenomenon of “Same Imagine of the Cities” is serious. The historical heritage of many cities is covered by modernization. As a part of the cultural heritage of Qingdao and one of the main components of the texture of the old city, the Li House buildings are being destroyed more and more seriously, and they are no longer suitable for people to live in. At the same time, the culture of the Li House is also declining. Therefore, the protection of the Li House is urgent. The reconstruction of the Li House ought to be based on the characteristics of the Qingdao tourist city, combine with the unique architectural form of Li House, consider comprehensively the life of the residents and include the culture of Li House.