Skip to main content

An Adaptive Bully Algorithm for Leader Elections in Distributed Systems

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Parallel Computing Technologies (PaCT 2019)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNTCS,volume 11657))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Leader election is a classical problem in distributed system applications. There are many leader election algorithms, but we focus here on Bully Algorithm (BA). The main drawback of BA algorithm is the high number of messages passing. In BA algorithm, the message passing has order O (\(n^2\)) that increases heavy traffic on the network. In this paper, an Adaptive BA (ABA) is proposed to reduce the number of messages and make the leader election operation more flexible and safer. The proposed algorithm is based on the Highest Process Identification (HPI) and the Next HPI (NHPI) to facilitate the leader election operation. Moreover, the repetition of the leader election is stopped when the candidate coordinator fails. Our analytical equations show that the ABA algorithm is more efficient rather than BA algorithm, in both, the number of message passing and the latency, and the message passing complexity decreased to O(n).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Coulouris, G., Dollimore, J., Kindberg, T., Blair, G.: Distributed System Concept and Design, 5th edn. Addison Wesley, USA (2011)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Garcia-Molina, H.: Elections in a Distributed Computing System. IEEE Trans. Comput. 100(1), 48–59 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. van Steen, M., Tanenbaum, A.S.: Distributed Systems. 3rd edn. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Murshed, Md.G., Allen, A.R.: Enhanced bully algorithm for leader node election in synchronous distributed systems. J. Comput. 1(1), 3–23 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Distributed Algorithms in NOSQL Databases. https://highlyscalable.wordpress.com/2012/09/18/distributed-algorithms-in-nosql-databases/

  6. Méndez, M., Tinetti, F.G., Duran, A.M., Obon, D.A., Bartolome, N.G.: Distributed algorithms on IoT devices: bully leader election. In: Proceeding of the International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI), pp. 1351–1355, December 2017

    Google Scholar 

  7. Chhabra, S., Tyagi, G., Mundra, A., Rakesh, N.: Location based coordinator election algorithm in distributed environment. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer and Computational Sciences (ICCCS), Noida, pp. 183–188 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Soundarabai, P.B., Sahai, R., Thriveni, J., Venugopal, K.R., Patnaik, L.M.: Improved bully election algorithm for distributed systems. Int. J. Inform. Process. 7(4), 43–54 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Kordafshari, M.S., Gholipour, M., Mosakhani, M., Haghighat, A.T., Dehghan, M.: Modified bully election algorithm in distributed systems. In: Proceedings of the 9th WSEAS International Conference on Computers, Greece, pp. 1–6 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Zargarnataj, M.: New election algorithm based on assistant in distributed systems. In: ACS International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA), Amman, pp. 324–331 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Sepehri, M., Goodarzi, M.: Leader election algorithm using heap structure. In: 12th WSEAS International Conference on Computers, Heraklion, pp. 668–672 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Rahman, M.M., Nahar, A.: Modified bully algorithm using election commission. MASAUM J. Comput. (MJC) 1(3), 439–446 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  13. EffatParvar, M.R., Yazdani, N., EffatParvar, M., Dadlani, A., Khonsari, A.: Improved algorithms for leader election in distributed systems. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computer Engineering and Technology, Chengdu, China (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Basu, S.: An efficient approach of election algorithm in distributed systems. Indian J. Comput. Sci. Eng. (IJCSE) 2(1), 16–21 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Park, S.-H.: A stable election protocol based on an unreliable failure detector in distributed systems. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations, pp. 979–984. IEEE Computer Society (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Kordafshari, M M.S., Gholipour, M., Rahmani, A.M., Jahanshahi, M.: A New Approach for Election Algorithm in Distributed System, pp. 70–74 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Mishra, B., Singh, N., Singh, R.: Master-slave group based model for co-ordinator selection, an improvement of bully algorithm. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing, Solan, India, pp. 457–460 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Garg, D., Suman, N.: Study of assorted election algorithms in distributed operating system. In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Innovative Trends in Computer Science Engineering, pp. 132–134 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Sathesh, B.M.: Optimized bully algorithm. Int. J. Comput. Appl. 121(18), 24–27 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Arghavani, A., Ahmadi, A.E., Haghighat, A.T.: Improved bully election algorithm in distributed systems. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Information Technology & Multimedia, pp. 14–16 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Fredrickson, G.N., Lynch, N.A.: Electing a leader in asynchronous ring. J. ACM 34(1), 98–115 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

The authors would like to thank everyone who provided valuable suggestions and support to improve the content of the paper. This research work is partial financially supported by the Malaysian Ministry of Education under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2018/STG06/UPM/01/2).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Monir Abdullah or Mohamed Othman .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Abdullah, M., Al-Kohali, I., Othman, M. (2019). An Adaptive Bully Algorithm for Leader Elections in Distributed Systems. In: Malyshkin, V. (eds) Parallel Computing Technologies. PaCT 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11657. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25636-4_29

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25636-4_29

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-25635-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-25636-4

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics