Abstract
The exponential growth of mobile broadband demand in emerging cities has been pushing deployment of long-term evolution (LTE) mobile technology. LTE can have various deployment scenarios in terms of various factors including enabled features, bandwidth usage, transmission frequency, requirements and other factors. To plan and deploy comprehensively effective LTE network for a given city, undertaking techno-economic analysis (TEA) is a very important task for mobile operators. Various literature also presents TEA for LTE deployment for different network requirements and deployment environment. Yet, such LTE study is rare for African emerging cities and it has not been done for Ethiopian ones. In this paper, we first formulate potential LTE deployment scenarios for one of the emerging cities in Ethiopia called Adama. Then to thoroughly understand viability of the formulated deployment scenarios, we present TEA assuming 7 years study period and continuation of current monopoly telecom market in the city. For the analysis, we apply modified TERA model that is implemented in MATLAB. The payback period results show that deployment of LTE in the emerging city using 1800 MHz band under high and low capacity demand and using 2100 MHz band under only high capacity demand are economically viable as they have payback periods less than 3.5 years.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Cisco: Global mobile data traffic forecast update 2016–2021 (2017). https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/mobile-white-paper-c11-520862.html. Accessed 10 Oct 2018
Haile, B.B., Bulti, D.A., Zerihun, B.M.: On the relevance of capacity enhancing 5G technologies for Ethiopia. In: ICT Annual Conference (EICTC-2017), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320730399_On_the_Relevance_of_Capacity_Enhancing_5G_Technologies_for_Ethiopia. Accesses 10 Oct 2018
Knoll, T.: LTE network design from a techno-economic perspective. LTE-business-model, pp. 1–68 (2012)
Global Mobile Suppliers Association (GSA): Evolution from LTE to 5G: global market status, January 2019. https://gsacom.com/paper/evolution-lte-5g-2/. Accessed 02 Feb 2019
Fekadu, D.N.: Techno-economic analysis of LTE deployment scenarios for emerging city: a case of Adama, Ethiopia. Master’s thesis. AAiT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2018 (2014)
Smura, T.: Techno-economic modelling of wireless network and industry architectures. Doctoral dissertations. Aalto University School Electrical Engineering, Helsinki (2012)
Frias, Z., Pérez, J.: Techno-economic analysis of femtocell deployment in long-term evolution networks. EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw. 2012, 1–15 (2012)
GPP Website: 3GPP technologies. http://www.3gpp.org/techneologies. Accessed 23 Feb 2018
Schoemaker, P.: Scenario planning: a tool for strategic thinking. Sloan Manag. Rev. 36, 36–40 (1995)
Haile, B.B.: Development of the Wi-Fi offloading business concept within the African market context, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (2012)
Sokele, M.: Analytical method for forecasting of telecommunications service life-cycle quantitative factors. Doctoral dissertations. University of Zagreb, Croatia (2009)
Vidal, J., Pérez, J., Agustín, A., Marina, N., Høst-Madsen, A.: Technoeconomic evaluation of cooperative relaying transmission techniques in OFDM cellular networks. EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. 60 (2012)
Arif, M., Yameen, M., Matin, A.: Femtocell suburban deployment in LTE networks. Int. J. Inf. Electron. Eng. 3(2), 208 (2013)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Annex 1
Annex 1
Detail radio link parameters assumptions.
Parameters | Variable for both UL and DL |
|---|---|
Duplex Mode | FDD |
Operating frequency | 1800/2100 |
System Bandwidth (MHz) | 20 |
Number of PRB per assigned BW | 100 for 20 |
MIMO Scheme (MS) | 1 × 2 UL, 2 × 2 DL |
Cell Edge Rate (Mbps) | 1 for UL, 2 for DL |
Allocated RB at cell edge (10%) | 10 for 20BW |
Factor A | 0.42 X2 for 2 × 2 MIMO, 0.42 for 1 × 2 MIMO |
Factor B | 0.85 for 2 × 2MIMO |
PRB bandwidth (Mbps) | 180 kHz |
Rate per PRB (Mbit/s) | Cell edge/Allocated PRB |
Required Spectral efficiency (bits/s/Hz) | Rate per PRB/PRB |
SINR (LINEAR) | Factor B * (2^ (SE/Factor A)-1) |
SINR (dB) | 10 * log SINR(Linear) |
eNodeB - UE | |
Number of PRBs (10%) | 10 |
Downlink data rate (Mbps) | 1 for UL, 2 for DL |
eNodeB TX power (dBm) | 46 |
eNodeB antenna gain (dBi) | ~18 |
eNodeB antenna cable loss (dB) | 1–2 |
EIRP (dB) | =gains − losses |
UE receiver characteristics | |
UE noise figure (dB) | ~7 dB |
Thermal noise | B * T * PRB * BW |
Receiver noise floor (dBm) | NF + B * T * PRB * BW |
Required SINR (dB) | 10 * log SINR(Factor B * (2^ (SE/Factor A) − 1)) |
Receiver sensitivity | Required SINR+ Receiver Noise |
Control channel overhead (dB) | 5%–25% (1 dB–4 dB overhead) |
Rx antenna gain | 0 for handset |
Body loss | 3–5 dB |
Environmental characteristics | |
Indoor Penetration Loss (dB) | 12–16 dB |
Cell Edge Coverage Probability (%) | 90–95% |
Shadowing Margin (dB) | 9.25–10.5 |
Interference margin (dB) | 5–8 |
Maximum Allowed propagation loss (MAPL) (dB) | =gains − losses |
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Fekadu, D.N., Haile, B.B. (2019). Techno-Economic Analysis of LTE Deployment Scenarios for Emerging City in Africa: A Case of Adama, Ethiopia. In: Mekuria, F., Nigussie, E., Tegegne, T. (eds) Information and Communication Technology for Development for Africa. ICT4DA 2019. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1026. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26630-1_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26630-1_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-26629-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-26630-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)