Abstract
This paper presents an application of the formal modelling and model checking toolkit mCRL2 and the model-based testing tool JTorX in the signalling domain. The mCRL2 toolkit is used to formally model the behaviour of a system at the core of signalling solutions: the interlocking. The model of the interlocking is validated through model-based testing. We use the mCRL2 toolkit to verify high-level safety properties of the interlocking software. The suitability of mCRL2, JTorX and our modelling approach is evaluated and suggestions are given for future research to improve the applicability of mCRL2 in the signalling domain.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bartholomeus, M., Luttik, B., Willemse, T.: Modelling and analysing ERTMS hybrid level 3 with the mCRL2 toolset. In: Howar, F., Barnat, J. (eds.) FMICS 2018. LNCS, vol. 11119, pp. 98–114. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00244-2_7
Basile, D., et al.: On the industrial uptake of formal methods in the railway domain - a survey with stakeholders. In: Furia, C.A., Winter, K. (eds.) IFM 2018. LNCS, vol. 11023, pp. 20–29. Springer, Heidelberg (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98938-9_2
Belinfante, A.: JTorX: a tool for on-line model-driven test derivation and execution. In: Esparza, J., Majumdar, R. (eds.) Proceedings of TACAS 2010. LNCS, vol. 6015, pp. 266–270. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12002-2_21
Bergstra, J., Klop, J.: Algebra of communicating processes with abstraction. Theor. Comput. Sci. 37, 77–121 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(85)90088-X
van Beusekom, R., et al.: Formalising the Dezyne modelling language in mCRL2. In: Petrucci, L., Seceleanu, C., Cavalcanti, A. (eds.) FMICS-AVoCS 2017. LNCS, vol. 10471, pp. 217–233. Springer, Heidelberg (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67113-0_14
Bonacchi, A., Fantechi, A., Bacherini, S., Tempestini, M.: Validation process for railway interlocking systems. Sci. Comput. Program. 128, 2–21 (2016)
Bonacchi, A., Fantechi, A., Bacherini, S., Tempestini, M., Cipriani, L.: Validation of railway interlocking systems by formal verification, a case study. In: Counsell, S., Núñez, M. (eds.) SEFM 2013. LNCS, vol. 8368, pp. 237–252. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05032-4_18
Bouwman, M.S.: A model-based test platform for rail signalling systems. Master’s thesis, Eindhoven University of Technology (2018)
Bunte, O., et al.: The mCRL2 toolset for analysing concurrent systems - improvements in expressivity and usability. In: Vojnar, T., Zhang, L. (eds.) TACAS 2019. LNCS, vol. 11428, pp. 21–39. Springer, Heidelberg (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17465-1_2
Fantechi, A.: Twenty-five years of formal methods and railways: what next? In: Counsell, S., Núñez, M. (eds.) SEFM 2013. LNCS, vol. 8368, pp. 167–183. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05032-4_13
Groote, J.F., Mousavi, M.R.: Modeling and Analysis of Communicating Systems. MIT Press, Cambridge (2014)
Groote, J., van Vlijmen, S., Koorn, J.: The safety guaranteeing system at station Hoorn-Kersenboogerd. In: COMPASS 1995, pp. 57–68. IEEE (1995). https://doi.org/10.1109/CMPASS.1995.521887
Hansen, H.H., Ketema, J., Luttik, B., Mousavi, M.R., van de Pol, J., dos Santos, O.M.: Automated verification of executable UML models. In: Aichernig, B.K., de Boer, F.S., Bonsangue, M.M. (eds.) FMCO 2010. LNCS, vol. 6957, pp. 225–250. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25271-6_12
Haxthausen, A.E., Peleska, J.: Model checking and model-based testing in the railway domain. In: Drechsler, R., Kühne, U. (eds.) Formal Modeling and Verification of Cyber-Physical Systems, pp. 82–121. Springer, Wiesbaden (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-09994-7_4
Haxthausen, A.E., Peleska, J., Pinger, R.: Applied bounded model checking for interlocking system designs. In: Counsell, S., Núñez, M. (eds.) SEFM 2013. LNCS, vol. 8368, pp. 205–220. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05032-4_16
Huistra, D., Meijer, J., van de Pol, J.: Adaptive learning for learn-based regression testing. In: Howar, F., Barnat, J. (eds.) FMICS 2018. LNCS, vol. 11119, pp. 162–177. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00244-2_11
James, P., Moller, F., Nga, N.H., Roggenbach, M., Schneider, S.A., Treharne, H.: Techniques for modelling and verifying railway interlockings. STTT 16(6), 685–711 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-014-0304-7
James, P., Roggenbach, M.: Automatically verifying railway interlockings using SAT-based model checking. ECEASST 35 (2010). https://doi.org/10.14279/tuj.eceasst.35.547
Tretmans, G., Brinksma, H.: Torx: automated model-based testing. In: Hartman, A., Dussa-Ziegler, K. (eds.) First European Conference on Model-Driven Software Engineering, pp. 31–43, December 2003
Tretmans, J.: Model based testing with labelled transition systems. In: Hierons, R.M., Bowen, J.P., Harman, M. (eds.) Formal Methods and Testing. LNCS, vol. 4949, pp. 1–38. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78917-8_1
Willemse, T.A.C.: Heuristics for ioco-based test-based modelling. In: Brim, L., Haverkort, B.R., Leucker, M., van de Pol, J. (eds.) FMICS/PDMC 2006. LNCS, vol. 4346, pp. 132–147. Springer, Heidelberg (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70952-7_9
Woodcock, J., Larsen, P.G., Bicarregui, J., Fitzgerald, J.S.: Formal methods: practice and experience. ACM Comput. Surv. 41(4), 19:1–19:36 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1145/1592434.1592436
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Daan van der Meij from ProRail for his contributions to this work by sharing his expertise on signalling systems.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Bouwman, M., Janssen, B., Luttik, B. (2019). Formal Modelling and Verification of an Interlocking Using mCRL2. In: Larsen, K., Willemse, T. (eds) Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems. FMICS 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11687. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27008-7_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27008-7_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-27007-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-27008-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)