Skip to main content

Formal Modelling and Verification of an Interlocking Using mCRL2

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems (FMICS 2019)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNPSE,volume 11687))

Abstract

This paper presents an application of the formal modelling and model checking toolkit mCRL2 and the model-based testing tool JTorX in the signalling domain. The mCRL2 toolkit is used to formally model the behaviour of a system at the core of signalling solutions: the interlocking. The model of the interlocking is validated through model-based testing. We use the mCRL2 toolkit to verify high-level safety properties of the interlocking software. The suitability of mCRL2, JTorX and our modelling approach is evaluated and suggestions are given for future research to improve the applicability of mCRL2 in the signalling domain.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    https://www.win.tue.nl/~luttik/Models/IxL/original.mcrl2.

  2. 2.

    https://www.win.tue.nl/~luttik/Models/IxL/.

  3. 3.

    https://www.eulynx.eu/.

References

  1. Bartholomeus, M., Luttik, B., Willemse, T.: Modelling and analysing ERTMS hybrid level 3 with the mCRL2 toolset. In: Howar, F., Barnat, J. (eds.) FMICS 2018. LNCS, vol. 11119, pp. 98–114. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00244-2_7

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  2. Basile, D., et al.: On the industrial uptake of formal methods in the railway domain - a survey with stakeholders. In: Furia, C.A., Winter, K. (eds.) IFM 2018. LNCS, vol. 11023, pp. 20–29. Springer, Heidelberg (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98938-9_2

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  3. Belinfante, A.: JTorX: a tool for on-line model-driven test derivation and execution. In: Esparza, J., Majumdar, R. (eds.) Proceedings of TACAS 2010. LNCS, vol. 6015, pp. 266–270. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12002-2_21

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Bergstra, J., Klop, J.: Algebra of communicating processes with abstraction. Theor. Comput. Sci. 37, 77–121 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(85)90088-X

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. van Beusekom, R., et al.: Formalising the Dezyne modelling language in mCRL2. In: Petrucci, L., Seceleanu, C., Cavalcanti, A. (eds.) FMICS-AVoCS 2017. LNCS, vol. 10471, pp. 217–233. Springer, Heidelberg (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67113-0_14

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Bonacchi, A., Fantechi, A., Bacherini, S., Tempestini, M.: Validation process for railway interlocking systems. Sci. Comput. Program. 128, 2–21 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Bonacchi, A., Fantechi, A., Bacherini, S., Tempestini, M., Cipriani, L.: Validation of railway interlocking systems by formal verification, a case study. In: Counsell, S., Núñez, M. (eds.) SEFM 2013. LNCS, vol. 8368, pp. 237–252. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05032-4_18

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  8. Bouwman, M.S.: A model-based test platform for rail signalling systems. Master’s thesis, Eindhoven University of Technology (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bunte, O., et al.: The mCRL2 toolset for analysing concurrent systems - improvements in expressivity and usability. In: Vojnar, T., Zhang, L. (eds.) TACAS 2019. LNCS, vol. 11428, pp. 21–39. Springer, Heidelberg (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17465-1_2

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. Fantechi, A.: Twenty-five years of formal methods and railways: what next? In: Counsell, S., Núñez, M. (eds.) SEFM 2013. LNCS, vol. 8368, pp. 167–183. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05032-4_13

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  11. Groote, J.F., Mousavi, M.R.: Modeling and Analysis of Communicating Systems. MIT Press, Cambridge (2014)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  12. Groote, J., van Vlijmen, S., Koorn, J.: The safety guaranteeing system at station Hoorn-Kersenboogerd. In: COMPASS 1995, pp. 57–68. IEEE (1995). https://doi.org/10.1109/CMPASS.1995.521887

  13. Hansen, H.H., Ketema, J., Luttik, B., Mousavi, M.R., van de Pol, J., dos Santos, O.M.: Automated verification of executable UML models. In: Aichernig, B.K., de Boer, F.S., Bonsangue, M.M. (eds.) FMCO 2010. LNCS, vol. 6957, pp. 225–250. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25271-6_12

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. Haxthausen, A.E., Peleska, J.: Model checking and model-based testing in the railway domain. In: Drechsler, R., Kühne, U. (eds.) Formal Modeling and Verification of Cyber-Physical Systems, pp. 82–121. Springer, Wiesbaden (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-09994-7_4

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Haxthausen, A.E., Peleska, J., Pinger, R.: Applied bounded model checking for interlocking system designs. In: Counsell, S., Núñez, M. (eds.) SEFM 2013. LNCS, vol. 8368, pp. 205–220. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05032-4_16

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  16. Huistra, D., Meijer, J., van de Pol, J.: Adaptive learning for learn-based regression testing. In: Howar, F., Barnat, J. (eds.) FMICS 2018. LNCS, vol. 11119, pp. 162–177. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00244-2_11

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  17. James, P., Moller, F., Nga, N.H., Roggenbach, M., Schneider, S.A., Treharne, H.: Techniques for modelling and verifying railway interlockings. STTT 16(6), 685–711 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-014-0304-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. James, P., Roggenbach, M.: Automatically verifying railway interlockings using SAT-based model checking. ECEASST 35 (2010). https://doi.org/10.14279/tuj.eceasst.35.547

  19. Tretmans, G., Brinksma, H.: Torx: automated model-based testing. In: Hartman, A., Dussa-Ziegler, K. (eds.) First European Conference on Model-Driven Software Engineering, pp. 31–43, December 2003

    Google Scholar 

  20. Tretmans, J.: Model based testing with labelled transition systems. In: Hierons, R.M., Bowen, J.P., Harman, M. (eds.) Formal Methods and Testing. LNCS, vol. 4949, pp. 1–38. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78917-8_1

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  21. Willemse, T.A.C.: Heuristics for ioco-based test-based modelling. In: Brim, L., Haverkort, B.R., Leucker, M., van de Pol, J. (eds.) FMICS/PDMC 2006. LNCS, vol. 4346, pp. 132–147. Springer, Heidelberg (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70952-7_9

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. Woodcock, J., Larsen, P.G., Bicarregui, J., Fitzgerald, J.S.: Formal methods: practice and experience. ACM Comput. Surv. 41(4), 19:1–19:36 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1145/1592434.1592436

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Daan van der Meij from ProRail for his contributions to this work by sharing his expertise on signalling systems.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mark Bouwman .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Bouwman, M., Janssen, B., Luttik, B. (2019). Formal Modelling and Verification of an Interlocking Using mCRL2. In: Larsen, K., Willemse, T. (eds) Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems. FMICS 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11687. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27008-7_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27008-7_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-27007-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-27008-7

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics