Abstract
Swarm Intelligence (SI) is a natural phenomenon that enables social species to quickly converge on optimized group decisions by interacting as real-time closed-loop systems. This process, which has been shown to amplify the collective intelligence of biological groups, has been studied extensively in schools of fish, flocks of birds, and swarms of bees. This paper provides an overview of a new collaboration technology called Artificial Swarm Intelligence (ASI) that brings the same benefits to networked human groups. Sometimes referred to as “human swarming” or building “hive minds,” the process involves groups of networked users being connected in real-time by AI algorithms modeled after natural swarms. This paper presents the basic concepts of ASI and reviews recently published research that shows its effectiveness in amplifying the collective intelligence of human groups, increasing accuracy when groups make forecasts, generate assessments, reach decisions, and form predictions. Examples include significant performance increases when human teams generate financial predictions, business forecasts, subjective judgements, and medical diagnoses.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Swarm AI is a registered trademark of Unanimous AI
- 2.
Swarm is a registered trademark of Unanimous AI
References
Rosenberg, L.: Artificial Swarm Intelligence, a human-in-the-loop approach to A.I. In: Proceedings of the Thirtieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2016, Phoenix, Arizona, pp. 4381–4382. AAAI Press (2016)
Rosenberg, L.: Human Swarms, a real-time method for collective intelligence. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Artificial Life 2015, ECAL 2015, pp. 658–659, York, UK. MIT Press (2015). ISBN 978-0-262-33027-5
Halabi, S., et al.: Radiology SWARM: novel crowdsourcing tool for CheXNet algorithm validation. In: SiiM Conference on Machine Intelligence in Medical Imaging (2018)
Rosenberg, L., Willcox, G., Halabi, S., Lungren, M., Baltaxe, D., Lyons, M.: Artificial swarm intelligence employed to amplify diagnostic accuracy in radiology. In: 2018 IEEE 9th Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference, IEMCON, Vancouver, BC (2018)
Befort, K., Baltaxe, D., Proffitt, C., Durbin, D.: Artificial swarm intelligence technology enables better subjective rating judgment in pilots compared to traditional data collection methods. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 2033–2036 (2018)
Askay, D., Metcalf, L., Rosenberg, L., Willcox, D.: Enhancing group social perceptiveness through a swarm-based decision-making platform. In: Proceedings of 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, HICSS-52. IEEE (2019)
Rosenberg, L., Pescetelli, N., Willcox, G.: Artificial Swarm Intelligence amplifies accuracy when predicting financial markets. In: 2017 IEEE 8th Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (UEMCON), New York City, NY, pp. 58–62 (2017)
Willcox, G., Rosenberg, L., Donovan, R., Schumann, H.: Dense Neural Network used to Amplify the Forecasting Accuracy of real-time Human Swarms. In: 11th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN) (2019)
Marshall, J., Bogacz, R., Dornhaus, A., Planqué, R., Kovacs, T., Franks, N.: On optimal decision-making in brains and social insect colonies. Soc. Interface (2009)
Galton, F.: Vox populi. Nature 75, 7 (1907)
Lorge, I., Fox, D., Davitz, J., Brenner, M.: A survey of studies contrasting the quality of group performance and individual performance, 1920–1957. Psychol. Bull. 55, 337–372 (1958)
Muchnik, L., Aral, S., Taylor, S.J.: Social influence bias: a randomized experiment. Science 341(6146), 647–651 (2013)
Lorenz, J., Rauhut, H., Schweitzer, F., Helbing, D.: How social influence can undermine the wisdom of crowd effect. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(22), 9020–9025 (2011)
Seeley, T.D., Buhrman, S.C.: Nest-site selection in honey bees: how well do swarms implement the ‘best-of-N’ decision rule? Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 49, 416–427 (2001)
Seeley, T.D., et al.: Stop signals provide cross inhibition in collective decision-making by honeybee swarms. Science 335(6064), 108–111 (2012)
Seeley, T.D.: Honeybee Democracy. Princeton University Press, Princeton (2010)
Seeley, T.D., Visscher, P.K.: Choosing a home: how the scouts in a honey bee swarm perceive the completion of their group decision making. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 54(5), 511–520 (2003)
Usher, M., McClelland, J.L.: The time course of perceptual choice: the leaky, competing accumulator model. Psychol. Rev. 108, 550–592 (2001)
Ungar, L., Mellors, B., Satopää, V., Baron, J., Tetlock, P., Ramos, J., et al.: The good judgment project: a large scale test. AAAI Technical report; FS-12-06 (2012)
Björkman, M., Juslin, P., Winman, A.: Realism of confidence in sensory discrimination. Percept. Psychol. 55, 412–428 (1993)
Ranjan, R., Gneiting, T.: Combining probability forecasts. J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B (Stat. Methodol.) 72, 71–91 (2010)
Ariely, D., Au, W.T., Bender, R.H., Budescu, D.V., Dietz, C.B., Gu, H., Wallsten, T.S., Zauberman, G.: The effects of averaging subjective probability estimates between and within judges. J. Exp. Psychol. Appl. 6(2), 130–147 (2000)
Ferrell, W.R.: Discrete subjective probabilities and decision analysis: elicitation, calibration and combination. In: Wright, G., Ayton, P. (eds.) Subjective Probability, pp. 411–451. Wiley, Oxford (1994)
CNN Publication. http://www.cnn.com/specials/politics/political-prediction-market-debate-sweepstakes
Rosenberg, L., Baltaxe, D., Pescetelli, N.: Crowds vs swarms, a comparison of intelligence. In: 2016 Swarm/Human Blended Intelligence (SHBI), Cleveland, OH, pp. 1–4 (2016)
Ottaviani, M., Sørensen, P.N.: Aggregation of information and beliefs in prediction markets. In: London Conference on Information and Prediction Markets (2007)
Scheibehenne, B., Greifeneder, R., Todd, P.M.: Can there ever be too many options? A meta-analytic review of choice overload. J. Consum. Res. 37(3), 409–425 (2010)
Rosenberg, L., Willcox, G.: Artificial swarm intelligence vs vegas betting markets. In: 2018 11th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE), Cambridge, pp. 155–159 (2018)
Rosenberg, L., Baltaxe, D.: Setting group priorities - Swarms vs votes. In: Swarm/Human Blended Intelligence Workshop (SHBI), Cleveland, OH, pp. 1–4 (2016)
Rosenberg, L., Willcox, G., Askay, D., Metcalf, L., Harris, E.: Amplifying the social intelligence of teams through human swarming. In: 2018 First International Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Industries (AI4I), Laguna Hills, CA, USA, pp. 23–26 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/ai4i.2018.8665698
Rosenberg, L., Pescetelli, N.: Amplifying prediction accuracy using Swarm A.I. In: 2017 Intelligent Systems Conference (IntelliSys), London, pp. 61–65 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/intellisys.2017.8324329
Rosenberg, L., Willcox, G.: Artificial Swarms find social optima: (Late Breaking Report). In: 2018 IEEE Conference on Cognitive and Computational Aspects of Situation Management (CogSIMA), Boston, MA, pp. 174–178 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/cogsima.2018.8423987
Rosenberg, L.B.: Human swarming, a real-time method for parallel distributed intelligence. In: 2015 Swarm/Human Blended Intelligence Workshop (SHBI), Cleveland, OH, pp. 1–7 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/shbi.2015.7321685
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Rosenberg, L., Willcox, G. (2020). Artificial Swarm Intelligence. In: Bi, Y., Bhatia, R., Kapoor, S. (eds) Intelligent Systems and Applications. IntelliSys 2019. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1037. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29516-5_79
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29516-5_79
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-29515-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-29516-5
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)