Skip to main content

PRTIRG: A Knowledge Graph for People-Readable Threat Intelligence Recommendation

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management (KSEM 2019)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 11775))

  • 3246 Accesses

Abstract

People-Readable Threat Intelligence (PRTI) recommender Systems aim to address the problem of information explosion of PRTIs and make personalized recommendation for users. In general, PRTI is highly condensed, and consists of security items, network entities and emerging hacker organizations, attacks, etc. PRTI may also contain many Machine-Readable Threat Intelligence (MRTI). However, existing methods are unaware of such external knowledge and cannot fully discover latent knowledge-level connections among PRTIs. Under this scenario, the existing generic knowledge graphs will introduce too much noise and can not consider the entity relationship in terms of the attack chain. To solve the problems above, in this paper, we propose a knowledge graph for People-Readable Threat Intelligence recommendation (PRTIRG) and incorporates knowledge graph representation into PRTI recommender system for click-through prediction. The key components of PRTIRG are the denoising entity extraction module and the knowledge-aware long short-term memory neural network (KLSTM). Through extensive experiments on real-world datasets, we demonstrate that the PRTIRG is more effective and accurate than baselines.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Aditya, S., Yang, Y., Baral, C.: Explicit reasoning over end-to-end neural architectures for visual question answering. In: Thirty-Second AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Blei, D.M., Ng, A.Y., Jordan, M.I.: Latent dirichlet allocation. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 3, 993–1022 (2003)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Bordes, A., Usunier, N., Garcia-Duran, A., Weston, J., Yakhnenko, O.: Translating embeddings for modeling multi-relational data. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 2787–2795 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Cheng, H.T., Koc, L., Harmsen, J., Shaked, T., Shah, H.: Wide & deep learning for recommender systems (2016

    Google Scholar 

  5. Covington, P., Adams, J., Sargin, E.: Deep neural networks for youtube recommendations. In: Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems, pp. 191–198. ACM (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Dong, L., Wei, F., Zhou, M., Xu, K.: Question answering over freebase with multi-column convolutional neural networks. In: Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers), vol. 1, pp. 260–269 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Dong, X., Yu, L., Wu, Z., Sun, Y., Yuan, L., Zhang, F.: A hybrid collaborative filtering model with deep structure for recommender systems. In: Thirty-First AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Guo, S., Wang, Q., Wang, L., Wang, B., Guo, L.: Knowledge graph embedding with iterative guidance from soft rules. In: Thirty-Second AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Ji, G., He, S., Xu, L., Liu, K., Zhao, J.: Knowledge graph embedding via dynamic mapping matrix. In: Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers), vol. 1, pp. 687–696 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Lin, Y., Liu, Z., Sun, M., Liu, Y., Zhu, X.: Learning entity and relation embeddings for knowledge graph completion. In: Twenty-Ninth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Lu, Z., Dou, Z., Lian, J., Xie, X., Yang, Q.: Content-based collaborative filtering for news topic recommendation. In: Twenty-Ninth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Ma, Y., Peng, H., Cambria, E.: Targeted aspect-based sentiment analysis via embedding commonsense knowledge into an attentive LSTM. In: Thirty-Second AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Okura, S., Tagami, Y., Ono, S., Tajima, A.: Embedding-based news recommendation for millions of users. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pp. 1933–1942. ACM (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Palumbo, E., Rizzo, G., Troncy, R.: Entity2rec: learning user-item relatedness from knowledge graphs for top-n item recommendation. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM Conference on Recommender Systems, pp. 32–36. ACM (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Paulheim, H.: Knowledge graph refinement: a survey of approaches and evaluation methods. Semant. Web 8(3), 489–508 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Qiao, L., Yang, L., Hong, D., Yao, L., Zhiguang, Q.: Knowledge graph construction techniques. J. Comput. Res. Dev. 53(3), 582–600 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Szekely, P., et al.: Building and using a knowledge graph to combat human trafficking. In: Arenas, M., et al. (eds.) ISWC 2015. LNCS, vol. 9367, pp. 205–221. Springer, Cham (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25010-6_12

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. Wang, H., et al.: RippleNet: propagating user preferences on the knowledge graph for recommender systems. In: Proceedings of the 27th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, pp. 417–426. ACM (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Wang, H., Zhang, F., Xie, X., Guo, M.: DKN: deep knowledge-aware network for news recommendation. In: Proceedings of the 2018 World Wide Web Conference on World Wide Web, pp. 1835–1844. International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Wang, Z., Zhang, J., Feng, J., Chen, Z.: Knowledge graph embedding by translating on hyperplanes. In: Twenty-Eighth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2014)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

This work is supported by the Key Research Program of Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission (Grant No. D18110100060000, D181100000618003), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDC02040100, XDC02030200, XDC02020200), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFC08218042, 2018YFB0803602, 2016QY06X1204). This research was also partially supported by Key Laboratory of Network Assessment Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Network Security and Protection Technology.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhengwei Jiang .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Du, M., Jiang, J., Jiang, Z., Lu, Z., Du, X. (2019). PRTIRG: A Knowledge Graph for People-Readable Threat Intelligence Recommendation. In: Douligeris, C., Karagiannis, D., Apostolou, D. (eds) Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management. KSEM 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11775. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29551-6_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29551-6_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-29550-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-29551-6

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics