Skip to main content

Multi-depth Graph Convolutional Networks for Fake News Detection

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing (NLPCC 2019)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 11838))

Abstract

Fake news arouses great concern owing to its political and social impacts in recent years. One of the significant challenges of fake news detection is to automatically identify fake news based on limited information. Existing works show that only considering news content and its linguistic features cannot achieve satisfactory performance when the news is short. To improve detection performance with limited information, we focus on incorporating the similarity of news to discriminate different degrees of fakeness. Specifically, we propose a multi-depth graph convolutional networks framework (M-GCN) to (1) acquire the representation of each news node via graph embedding; and (2) use multi-depth GCN blocks to capture multi-scale information of neighbours and combine them by attention mechanism. Experiment results on one of the largest real-world public fake news dataset LIAR demonstrate that the proposed M-GCN outperforms the latest five methods.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Allcott, H., Gentzkow, M.: Social media and fake news in the 2016 election. J. Econ. Perspect. 31(2), 211–236 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Bruna, J., Zaremba, W., Szlam, A., LeCun, Y.: Spectral networks and locally connected networks on graphs. arXiv preprint arXiv:1312.6203 (2013)

  3. Cao, S., Lu, W., Xu, Q.: GraRep: learning graph representations with global structural information. In: Proceedings of the 24th ACM International on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, pp. 891–900. ACM (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Castillo, C., Mendoza, M., Poblete, B.: Information credibility on Twitter. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on World Wide Web, pp. 675–684. ACM (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Defferrard, M., Bresson, X., Vandergheynst, P.: Convolutional neural networks on graphs with fast localized spectral filtering. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 3844–3852 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Feng, S., Banerjee, R., Choi, Y.: Syntactic stylometry for deception detection. In: Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Short Papers-Volume 2, pp. 171–175. Association for Computational Linguistics (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Gottipati, S., Qiu, M., Yang, L., Zhu, F., Jiang, J.: Predicting user’s political party using ideological stances. In: Jatowt, A., et al. (eds.) SocInfo 2013. LNCS, vol. 8238, pp. 177–191. Springer, Cham (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03260-3_16

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  8. Grover, A., Leskovec, J.: node2vec: scalable feature learning for networks. In: Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pp. 855–864. ACM (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Karimi, H., Roy, P., Saba-Sadiya, S., Tang, J.: Multi-source multi-class fake news detection. In: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, pp. 1546–1557 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Kipf, T.N., Welling, M.: Semi-supervised classification with graph convolutional networks. In: International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR) (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Long, Y., Lu, Q., Xiang, R., Li, M., Huang, C.R.: Fake news detection through multi-perspective speaker profiles. In: Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers), vol. 2, pp. 252–256 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Ma, J., et al.: Detecting rumors from microblogs with recurrent neural networks. In: IJCAI, pp. 3818–3824 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Ma, J., Gao, W., Wong, K.F.: Detect rumor and stance jointly by neural multi-task learning. In: Companion of the Web Conference 2018 on the Web Conference 2018, pp. 585–593. International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Morris, M.R., Counts, S., Roseway, A., Hoff, A., Schwarz, J.: Tweeting is believing?: Understanding microblog credibility perceptions. In: Proceedings of the ACM 2012 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, pp. 441–450. ACM (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Pennington, J., Socher, R., Manning, C.: Glove: global vectors for word representation. In: Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 1532–1543 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Perozzi, B., Al-Rfou, R., Skiena, S.: DeepWalk: online learning of social representations. In: Proceedings of the 20th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pp. 701–710. ACM (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Pham, T.T.: A study on deep learning for fake news detection (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Rath, B., Gao, W., Ma, J., Srivastava, J.: From retweet to believability: utilizing trust to identify rumor spreaders on Twitter. In: Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining 2017, pp. 179–186. ACM (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Ruchansky, N., Seo, S., Liu, Y.: CSI: a hybrid deep model for fake news detection. In: Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, pp. 797–806. ACM (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Shu, K., Sliva, A., Wang, S., Tang, J., Liu, H.: Fake news detection on social media: a data mining perspective. ACM SIGKDD Explor. Newsl. 19(1), 22–36 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Soni, U., Bhambhani, M., Khapra, M.M.: Network embedding using hierarchical feature aggregation (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Tang, J., Qu, M., Wang, M., Zhang, M., Yan, J., Mei, Q.: Line: large-scale information network embedding. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web, pp. 1067–1077. International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Vosoughi, S., Roy, D., Aral, S.: The spread of true and false news online. Science 359(6380), 1146–1151 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Wang, D., Cui, P., Zhu, W.: Structural deep network embedding. In: Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pp. 1225–1234. ACM (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Wang, W.Y.: “liar, liar pants on fire”: a new benchmark dataset for fake news detection. arXiv preprint arXiv:1705.00648 (2017)

  26. Wang, Y., et al.: EANN: event adversarial neural networks for multi-modal fake news detection. In: Proceedings of the 24th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining, pp. 849–857. ACM (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Yang, F., Liu, Y., Yu, X., Yang, M.: Automatic detection of rumor on Sina Weibo. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGKDD Workshop on Mining Data Semantics, p. 13. ACM (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Yang, Z., Yang, D., Dyer, C., He, X., Smola, A., Hovy, E.: Hierarchical attention networks for document classification. In: Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, pp. 1480–1489 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Zhao, Z., Resnick, P., Mei, Q.: Enquiring minds: early detection of rumors in social media from enquiry posts. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web, pp. 1395–1405. International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Zhu, X., Goldberg, A.B.: Introduction to semi-supervised learning. Synthesis Lectures on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–130 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work is supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No. U1711261 and No. U1811463. National Key Research and Development Plan under grant No. 2017YFB0802204 and the Basic Research Project of Shenzhen under grant No. JCYJ20180306174743727.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Qing Liao .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Hu, G., Ding, Y., Qi, S., Wang, X., Liao, Q. (2019). Multi-depth Graph Convolutional Networks for Fake News Detection. In: Tang, J., Kan, MY., Zhao, D., Li, S., Zan, H. (eds) Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing. NLPCC 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11838. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32233-5_54

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32233-5_54

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-32232-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-32233-5

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics