Abstract
A macular fovea is a physiological structure of the human retina, which is an essential optical center. The distance between the lesion area and the foveal center determines the severity degree of visual impacts. Therefore, accurate fovea localization is the basis of the computer-aided ophthalmic diagnosis and vision screening. A simple but effective fovea localization algorithm based on the Faster R-CNN and physiological structure prior is presented. First, a fovea localization model and an optic disc localization model are trained separately. Then, for each fundus photograph, both candidate areas of the fovea and the location of the optic disc are predicted using two pre-trained models. Next, prior knowledge of the physiological adjacent relationship between a fovea and an optic disc is applied to eliminate unreasonable candidate bounding boxes. Finally, the ultimate bounding box of the fovea is determined by the best candidate. Experiments were conducted on a private dataset with 5,203 fundus photographs and the public Messidor dataset including 1200 fundus photographs. The accuracy of the foveal location in the offset scale of 1/2 optic disc diameter on the Messidor is 99.58%, which is 0.71% higher than the state-of-the-art (98.87%).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Empirically, dd is about 80 pixels in a 500\(\times \)500 fundus photograph [17].
References
Aquino, A.: Establishing the macular grading grid by means of fovea centre detection using anatomical-based and visual-based features. Comput. Biol. Med. 55, 61–73 (2014)
Dashtbozorg, B., Zhang, J., Huang, F., ter Haar Romeny, B.M.: Automatic optic disc and fovea detection in retinal images using super-elliptical convergence index filters. In: Campilho, A., Karray, F. (eds.) ICIAR 2016. LNCS, vol. 9730, pp. 697–706. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41501-7_78
Decenciére, E., et al.: Feedback on a publicly distributed image database: the messidor database. Image Anal. Stereology 33(3), 231–234 (2014)
Gegundez-Arias, M.E., et al.: Locating the fovea center position in digital fundus images using thresholding and feature extraction techniques. Comput. Med. Imaging Graph. 37(5), 386–393 (2013)
Kamble, R., et al.: Localization of optic disc and fovea in retinal images using intensity based line scanning analysis. Comput. Biol. Med. 87, 382–396 (2017)
Kao, E.F., et al.: Automated detection of fovea in fundus images based on vessel-free zone and adaptive gaussian template. Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 117(2), 92–103 (2014)
Lu, S., et al.: Automatic macula detection from retinal images by a line operator. In: ICIP, pp. 4073–4076 (2010)
Molina-Casado, J.M., et al.: Fast detection of the main anatomical structures in digital retinal images based on intra- and inter-structure relational knowledge. Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 149, 55–68 (2017)
Nie, Y., et al.: Joint detection with faster R-CNN. In: ISITC (2016)
Niemeijer, M., et al.: Fast detection of the optic disc and fovea in color fundus photographs. Med. Image Anal. 13(6), 859–870 (2009)
Pachade, S., Porwal, P., Kokare, M.: A novel method to detect fovea from color fundus images. In: Iyer, B., Nalbalwar, S.L., Pathak, N.P. (eds.) Computing, Communication and Signal Processing. AISC, vol. 810, pp. 957–965. Springer, Singapore (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1513-8_97
Ren, S., et al.: Faster R-CNN: towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks. NIPS 1, 91–99 (2015)
Samanta, S., et al.: A simple and fast algorithm to detect the fovea region in fundus retinal image. In: EAIT, pp. 206–209 (2011)
Santhi, D., et al.: An efficient approach to locate optic disc center, blood vessels and macula in retinal images. Biomed. Eng. Appl. Basis Commun. 24(05), 425–434 (2012)
Singh, J., et al.: Appearance-based object detection in colour retinal images. In: ICIP, pp. 1432–1435 (2008)
Yu, H., et al.: Fast localization of optic disc and fovea in retinal images for eye disease screening. SPIE Med. Imaging Comput.-Aided Diagn. 7963, 317–328 (2011)
Zheng, S.H., et al.: A novel method of macula fovea and optic disk automatic detection for retinal images. J. Electron. Inf. Technol. 36(11), 2586–2592 (2014)
Zheng, Y.: Research on macula area localization of fundus image based on the segmentation of retinal vessel ends. Ph. D. thesis, Huazhong University (2013)
Zhou, W., et al.: Detection of macula fovea in a retinal image. J. Image Graph. 23(3), 442–449 (2018)
Acknowledgements
This work is supported by the CSC State Scholarship Fund (201806295014), NSFC (No. 61672523, No. 61771468), CAMS Initiative for Innovative Medicine (2018-I2M-AI-001), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 4192029), Beijing Hospitals Authority Youth Programme (QML20170206); The priming scientific research foundation for the junior researcher in Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University (2018-YJJ-ZZL-052).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Wu, J. et al. (2019). Fovea Localization in Fundus Photographs by Faster R-CNN with Physiological Prior. In: Fu, H., Garvin, M., MacGillivray, T., Xu, Y., Zheng, Y. (eds) Ophthalmic Medical Image Analysis. OMIA 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11855. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32956-3_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32956-3_19
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-32955-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-32956-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)