Abstract
Most Process-Aware Information Systems (PAIS) and resource allocation approaches do the selection of the resource to be allocated to a certain process activity at run time, when the activity must be executed. This results in cumulative (activity per activity) local optimal allocations for which assumptions (e.g. on loop repetitions) are not needed beforehand, but which altogether might incur in an increase of cycle time and/or cost. Global optimal allocation approaches take all the process-, organization- and time-related constraints into account at once before process execution, handling better the optimization objectives. However, a number of assumptions must be made upfront on the decisions made at run time. When an assumption does not hold at run time, a resource reallocation must be triggered. Aiming at achieving a compromise between the pros and cons of these two methods, in this paper we introduce a novel approach that fragments the process dynamically for the purpose of risk-aware resource allocation. Given historical execution data and a process fragmentation threshold, our method enhances the feasibility of the resource allocations by dynamically generating the process fragments (i.e. execution horizons) that satisfy the given probabilistic threshold. Our evaluation with simulations demonstrates the advantages in terms of reduction in reallocation efforts.
Funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Elise Richter programme under agreement V 569-N31 (PRAIS).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
In this work we assume human resources but the concept could be adapted for non-human resource allocation, too.
- 2.
With the Fundamental Modeling Concepts (FMC) notation (www.fmc-modeling.org/).
References
Russell, N., van der Aalst, W.M.P., ter Hofstede, A.H.M., Edmond, D.: Workflow resource patterns: identification, representation and tool support. In: Pastor, O., Falcão e Cunha, J. (eds.) CAiSE 2005. LNCS, vol. 3520, pp. 216–232. Springer, Heidelberg (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/11431855_16
van der Aalst, W.: Petri net based scheduling. Oper. Res. Spektrum 18(4), 219–229 (1996)
Rozinat, A., Mans, R.S.: Mining CPN models: discovering process models with data from event logs. In: Workshop and Tutorial on Practical Use of Coloured Petri Nets and the CPN, pp. 57–76 (2006)
Senkul, P., Toroslu, I.H.: An architecture for workflow scheduling under resource allocation constraints. Inf. Syst. 30, 399–422 (2005)
Havur, G., Cabanillas, C., Mendling, J., Polleres, A.: Automated resource allocation in business processes with answer set programming. In: Reichert, M., Reijers, H.A. (eds.) BPM 2015. LNBIP, vol. 256, pp. 191–203. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42887-1_16
Sabuncuoglu, I., Goren, S.: Hedging production schedules against uncertainty in manufacturing environment with a review of robustness and stability research. Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf. 22(2), 138–157 (2009)
Gebser, M., Kaminski, R., Kaufmann, B., Schaub, T.: Answer Set Solving in Practice. Synthesis Lectures on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. Morgan & Claypool Publishers, san Rafael (2012)
OMG: BPMN 2.0. Recommendation, OMG (2011)
Popova-Zeugmann, L.: Time Petri nets. In: Popova-Zeugmann, L. (ed.) Time and Petri Nets, pp. 139–140. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41115-1_4
van der Aalst, W.: Structural characterizations of sound workflow nets. Department of Mathematics & Computing Science, Eindhoven University of Technology (1996)
Lohmann, N., Verbeek, E., Dijkman, R.: Petri net transformations for business processes – a survey. In: Jensen, K., van der Aalst, W.M.P. (eds.) Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency II. LNCS, vol. 5460, pp. 46–63. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00899-3_3
Horling, B., Lesser, V.: A survey of multi-agent organizational paradigms. Knowl. Eng. Rev. 19(4), 281–316 (2004)
Colantonio, A., Di Pietro, R., Ocello, A., Verde, N.V.: A formal framework to elicit roles with business meaning in RBAC systems. In: ACM Symposium on Access Control Models and Technologies (SACMAT), pp. 85–94. ACM (2009)
Havur, G., Cabanillas, C., Mendling, J., Polleres, A.: Resource allocation with dependencies in business process management systems. In: La Rosa, M., Loos, P., Pastor, O. (eds.) BPM 2016. LNBIP, vol. 260, pp. 3–19. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45468-9_1
Rogge-Solti, A.: Block-structured stochastic Petri net generator (ProM plug-in) (2014). http://www.promtools.org/. Accessed 01 Jan 2019
van der Aalst, W.M.P.: Process Mining - Data Science in Action. Springer, Heidelberg (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49851-4
Riise, A., Mannino, C., Burke, E.K.: Modelling and solving generalised operational surgery scheduling problems. Comput. Oper. Res. 66, 1–11 (2016)
Heinz, S., Beck, C.: Solving resource allocation/scheduling problems with constraint integer programming. In: Constraint Satisfaction Techniques for Planning and Scheduling Problems (COPLAS), pp. 23–30 (2011)
Lawler, E.L., Lenstra, J.K., Kan, A.H.R., Shmoys, D.B.: Sequencing and scheduling: algorithms and complexity. In: Logistics of Production and Inventory. Handbooks in Operations Research and Management Science, vol. 4, pp. 445–522. Elsevier (1993)
Weglarz, J.: Project scheduling with continuously-divisible, doubly constrained resources. Manag. Sci. 27(9), 1040–1053 (1981)
Hendriks, M., Voeten, B., Kroep, L.: Human resource allocation in a multi-project R&D environment: resource capacity allocation and project portfolio planning in practice. Int. J. Proj. Manag. 17(3), 181–188 (1999)
Arias, M., Rojas, E., Munoz-Gama, J., Sepúlveda, M.: A framework for recommending resource allocation based on process mining. In: Reichert, M., Reijers, H.A. (eds.) BPM 2015. LNBIP, vol. 256, pp. 458–470. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42887-1_37
Ihde, S., Pufahl, L., Lin, M.-B., Goel, A., Weske, M.: Optimized resource allocations in business process models. In: Hildebrandt, T., van Dongen, B., Röglinger, M., Mendling, J. (eds.) Business Process Management Forum, pp. 55–71. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26643-1_4
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Havur, G., Cabanillas, C. (2019). History-Aware Dynamic Process Fragmentation for Risk-Aware Resource Allocation. In: Panetto, H., Debruyne, C., Hepp, M., Lewis, D., Ardagna, C., Meersman, R. (eds) On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2019 Conferences. OTM 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11877. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33246-4_33
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33246-4_33
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-33245-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-33246-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)