Skip to main content

The Local Forking Lemma and Its Application to Deterministic Encryption

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Advances in Cryptology – ASIACRYPT 2019 (ASIACRYPT 2019)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNSC,volume 11923))

Abstract

We bypass impossibility results for the deterministic encryption of public-key-dependent messages, showing that, in this setting, the classical Encrypt-with-Hash scheme provides message-recovery security, across a broad range of message distributions. The proof relies on a new variant of the forking lemma in which the random oracle is reprogrammed on just a single fork point rather than on all points past the fork.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Bagherzandi, A., Cheon, J.H., Jarecki, S.: Multisignatures secure under the discrete logarithm assumption and a generalized forking lemma. In: Ning, P., Syverson, P.F., Jha, S. (eds.) ACM CCS 2008, pp. 449–458. ACM Press (October 2008)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bellare, M., Boldyreva, A., O’Neill, A.: Deterministic and efficiently searchable encryption. In: Menezes, A. (ed.) CRYPTO 2007. LNCS, vol. 4622, pp. 535–552. Springer, Heidelberg (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74143-5_30

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  3. Bellare, M., Dai, W., Li, L.: The local forking lemma and its application to deterministic encryption. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2019/1017 (2019). https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/1017

  4. Bellare, M., Desai, A., Pointcheval, D., Rogaway, P.: Relations among notions of security for public-key encryption schemes. In: Krawczyk, H. (ed.) CRYPTO 1998. LNCS, vol. 1462, pp. 26–45. Springer, Heidelberg (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0055718

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  5. Bellare, M., Fischlin, M., O’Neill, A., Ristenpart, T.: Deterministic encryption: definitional equivalences and constructions without random oracles. In: Wagner, D. (ed.) CRYPTO 2008. LNCS, vol. 5157, pp. 360–378. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85174-5_20

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Bellare, M., Hoang, V.T.: Resisting randomness subversion: fast deterministic and hedged public-key encryption in the standard model. In: Oswald, E., Fischlin, M. (eds.) EUROCRYPT 2015. LNCS, vol. 9057, pp. 627–656. Springer, Heidelberg (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46803-6_21

    Chapter  MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Bellare, M., Neven, G.: Multi-signatures in the plain public-key model and a general forking lemma. In: Juels, A., Wright, R.N., De Capitani di Vimercati, S. (eds.) ACM CCS 2006, pp. 390–399. ACM Press, October/November 2006

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bellare, M., Rogaway, P.: Random oracles are practical: A paradigm for designing efficient protocols. In: Denning, D.E., Pyle, R., Ganesan, R., Sandhu, R.S., Ashby, V. (eds.) ACM CCS 1993, pp. 62–73. ACM Press (November 1993)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bellare, M., Rogaway, P.: Optimal asymmetric encryption. In: Santis, A.D. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 1994. LNCS, vol. 950, pp. 92–111. Springer, Heidelberg (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0053428

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. Bellare, M., Rogaway, P.: The security of triple encryption and a framework for code-based game-playing proofs. In: Vaudenay, S. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 2006. LNCS, vol. 4004, pp. 409–426. Springer, Heidelberg (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/11761679_25

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  11. Bernstein, D.J., Lange, T., Niederhagen, R.: Dual EC: a standardized back door. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2015/767 (2015). http://eprint.iacr.org/2015/767

  12. Bleichenbacher, D.: On the security of the KMOV public key cryptosystem. In: Kaliski, B.S. (ed.) CRYPTO 1997. LNCS, vol. 1294, pp. 235–248. Springer, Heidelberg (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0052239

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  13. Boldyreva, A., Fehr, S., O’Neill, A.: On notions of security for deterministic encryption, and efficient constructions without random oracles. In: Wagner, D. (ed.) CRYPTO 2008. LNCS, vol. 5157, pp. 335–359. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85174-5_19

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. Brakerski, Z., Segev, G.: Better security for deterministic public-key encryption: the auxiliary-input setting. In: Rogaway, P. (ed.) CRYPTO 2011. LNCS, vol. 6841, pp. 543–560. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22792-9_31

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Brown, D.R.L.: A weak-randomizer attack on RSA-OAEP with e = 3. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2005/189 (2005). http://eprint.iacr.org/2005/189

  16. Cramer, R., Shoup, V.: A practical public key cryptosystem provably secure against adaptive chosen ciphertext attack. In: Krawczyk, H. (ed.) CRYPTO 1998. LNCS, vol. 1462, pp. 13–25. Springer, Heidelberg (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0055717

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  17. Cramer, R., Shoup, V.: Design and analysis of practical public-key encryption schemes secure against adaptive chosen ciphertext attack. SIAM J. Comput. 33(1), 167–226 (2003)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  18. Fujisaki, E., Okamoto, T.: Secure integration of asymmetric and symmetric encryption schemes. In: Wiener, M.J. (ed.) CRYPTO 1999. LNCS, vol. 1666, pp. 537–554. Springer, Heidelberg (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48405-1_34

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  19. Fuller, B., O’Neill, A., Reyzin, L.: A unified approach to deterministic encryption: new constructions and a connection to computational entropy. J. Cryptol. 28(3), 671–717 (2015)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. Garg, S., Gay, R., Hajiabadi, M.: New techniques for efficient trapdoor functions and applications. In: Ishai, Y., Rijmen, V. (eds.) EUROCRYPT 2019. LNCS, vol. 11478, pp. 33–63. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17659-4_2

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  21. Gay, R., Hofheinz, D., Kiltz, E., Wee, H.: Tightly CCA-secure encryption without pairings. In: Fischlin, M., Coron, J.-S. (eds.) EUROCRYPT 2016. LNCS, vol. 9665, pp. 1–27. Springer, Heidelberg (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49890-3_1

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. Goldwasser, S., Micali, S.: Probabilistic encryption. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 28(2), 270–299 (1984)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  23. Hofheinz, D., Kiltz, E.: Practical chosen ciphertext secure encryption from factoring. In: Joux, A. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 2009. LNCS, vol. 5479, pp. 313–332. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01001-9_18

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  24. Impagliazzo, R., Zuckerman, D.: How to recycle random bits. In: 30th FOCS, pp. 248–253. IEEE Computer Society Press, October/November 1989

    Google Scholar 

  25. Kurosawa, K., Desmedt, Y.: A new paradigm of hybrid encryption scheme. In: Franklin, M. (ed.) CRYPTO 2004. LNCS, vol. 3152, pp. 426–442. Springer, Heidelberg (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-28628-8_26

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  26. Micali, S., Rackoff, C., Sloan, B.: The notion of security for probabilistic cryptosystems. SIAM J. Comput. 17(2), 412–426 (1988). Special issue on cryptography

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  27. Mironov, I., Pandey, O., Reingold, O., Segev, G.: Incremental deterministic public-key encryption. In: Pointcheval, D., Johansson, T. (eds.) EUROCRYPT 2012. LNCS, vol. 7237, pp. 628–644. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29011-4_37

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  28. Ouafi, K., Vaudenay, S.: Smashing SQUASH-0. In: Joux, A. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 2009. LNCS, vol. 5479, pp. 300–312. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01001-9_17

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  29. Pointcheval, D., Stern, J.: Security arguments for digital signatures and blind signatures. J. Cryptol. 13(3), 361–396 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Raghunathan, A., Segev, G., Vadhan, S.: Deterministic public-key encryption for adaptively chosen plaintext distributions. In: Johansson, T., Nguyen, P.Q. (eds.) EUROCRYPT 2013. LNCS, vol. 7881, pp. 93–110. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38348-9_6

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  31. Yilek, S., Rescorla, E., Shacham, H., Enright, B., Savage, S.: When private keys are public: results from the 2008 Debian OpenSSL vulnerability. In: Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement, pp. 15–27. ACM (2009)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The first and second authors are supported in part by NSF grants CNS-1526801 and CNS-1717640, ERC Project ERCC FP7/615074 and a gift from Microsoft. The second author is supported in part by a Powell fellowship. The third author was supported in part by NSF grant CNS-1564102.

We thank reviewers from Asiacrypt 2019 and Crypto 2019 for their detailed and extensive comments.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mihir Bellare .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 International Association for Cryptologic Research

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Bellare, M., Dai, W., Li, L. (2019). The Local Forking Lemma and Its Application to Deterministic Encryption. In: Galbraith, S., Moriai, S. (eds) Advances in Cryptology – ASIACRYPT 2019. ASIACRYPT 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11923. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34618-8_21

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34618-8_21

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-34617-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-34618-8

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics