Abstract
A wireless network consisting of many wireless devices becomes popular and essential in distributed systems. In the wireless networks, each wireless device, also called nodes, can directly communicate with other devices located within its communication range. However, to communicate with the nodes outside the communication range, the message should be relayed to the target node via some other nodes. A virtual grid network is an overlay network on a wireless network which can be constructed by virtually dividing the area covered by the wireless network into geographical square regions of the same size, selecting a representative node at each region, and connecting the nodes of neighboring regions. A virtual grid network is utilized for realizing an energy-efficient wireless network because not all of the nodes in the system need to join the routing, moreover, a routing algorithm can be easily designed thanks to regularity of the grid topology. A local-information-based self-optimizing routing algorithm, Zigzag, in virtual grid networks was proposed. In this paper, we propose the locality-based model, named \((\alpha , \beta )\)-range model, based on the snapshot range \(\alpha \) and communication range \(\beta \) to clearly specify the locality. Moreover, we propose a new self-optimizing routing algorithm Improved-Zigzag which improves Zigzag by reducing the snapshot range.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
In [5], algorithm Zigzag assumes the agreement of the directions of two axes, however the algorithm can be easily modified for the model so that every node agrees on only the chirality which means the orientation of the axes, e.g., clockwise.
- 2.
Note that a router which is not in path P is joined into path P as the result of the local update for rule 3. Thus we assume that a router, which is not in path P but adjacent to the router in P, knows the routing information of its adjacent routers in P within the snapshot range.
References
Dargie, W., Poellabauer, C.: Fundamentals of Wireless Sensor Networks: Theory and Practice. Wiley, Hoboken (2010)
Perkins, C., Royer, E.: Ad hoc on demand distance vector routing. In: Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications (WMCSA 1999), pp. 90–100 (1999)
Al-Karaki, J.N., Kamal, A.E.: Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: a survey. IEEE Wirel. Commun. 11(6), 6–28 (2004)
Heinzelman, W., Chandrakasan, A., Balakrishnan, H.: Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2000) (2000)
Takatsu, S., Ooshita, F., Kakugawa, H., Masuzawa, T.: Zigzag: local-information-based self-optimizing routing in virtual grid networks. In: Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), pp. 358–368, July 2013
Kim, Y., Katayama, Y.: A self-optimizing routing algorithm using local information in a 3-dimensional virtual grid network with theoretical and practical analysis. Int. J. Netw. Comput. 7(2), 349–371 (2017)
Toh, C.-K.: Ad hoc mobile wireless networks: protocols and systems, 1st edn. Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River (2002)
de Morais Cordeiro, C., Agrawal, D.P.: Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks: Theory and Applications, 2nd edn. World Scientific, Singapore (2011)
Zheng, J., Jamalipour, A.: Wireless Sensor Networks: A Networking Perspective. Wiley-IEEE Press (2009)
Xu, Y., Heidemann, J., Estrin, D.: Geography-informed energy conservation for ad hoc routing. In: Proceedings of the 7th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom 2001), pp. 70–84 (2001)
Braginsky, D., Estrin, D.: Rumor routing algorithm for sensor networks. In: The Proceedings of the First Workshop on Sensor Networks and Applications (WSNA) (2002)
Ye, F., Luo, H., Cheng, J., Lu, S., Zhang, L.: A Two-tier data dissemination model for large-scale wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of ACM/IEEE MOBICOM (2002)
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 18K18000, 18K18029, 18K18031, 19H04085, 19K11823, and JST SICORP Grant Numbers JPMJSC1606 and JPMJSC1806, Japan.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kim, Y., Shibata, M., Sudo, Y., Nakamura, J., Katayama, Y., Masuzawa, T. (2019). Improved-Zigzag: An Improved Local-Information-Based Self-optimizing Routing Algorithm in Virtual Grid Networks. In: Ghaffari, M., Nesterenko, M., Tixeuil, S., Tucci, S., Yamauchi, Y. (eds) Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems. SSS 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11914. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34992-9_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34992-9_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-34991-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-34992-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)