Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Underpinning Knowledge and Skills for Educators to Enhance Cyber Safety Awareness in South African Schools

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Innovative Technologies and Learning (ICITL 2019)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNISA,volume 11937))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 3198 Accesses

Abstract

It is important to start from an early age to educate cyber users about cyber safety so that the cyber users can be cyber safety aware. It would then be the right step to take in educating cyber users already at school level. Out of research done it was clear that the educators in South African schools does not have the right resources, knowledge and skills to enhance schools cyber users cyber safety awareness. A scoping review was performed to identify resources to establish the knowledge areas and skills that the educators need to enhance the cyber safety awareness within the South African schools. This research recommends a number of knowledge areas and skills through a proposed theoretical framework that can be used to create and enhance cyber safety awareness.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Kortjan, N., Von Solms, R.: A conceptual framework for cyber-security awareness and education in SA. South Afr. Comput. J. 52, 29–41 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Kritzinger, E.: Growing a cyber-safety culture amongst school learners in South Africa through gaming. South Afr. Comput. J. 29, 16–35 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Broadhurst, R., Choo, K.: Cybercrime and online safety in cyberspace. Routledge Handbook International Criminology, 1–21 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Sutherland, E.: Governance of cybersecurity – the case of South Africa. Afr. J. Inf. Commun. 20, 83–112 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Solms, R.: Cyber safety education in developing countries. Syst. Cybern. Inform. 13, 14–19 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Kritzinger, E.: Short-term initiatives for enhancing cyber-safety within South African schools. S. Afr. Comput. 28, 1–17 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Jahoor, F.: A framework for mobile digital literacy skills of educators using mobile technology in rural formal education (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Kritzinger, E.: A curriculum approach to improving cyber safety in South African schools, pp. 95–105 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Kritzinger, E.: Cyber Safety Education for Teachers – Community Engagement Through Academic Learning, pp. 495–501 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  10. LaRose, R., Rifon, N., Enbody, R.: Promoting personal responsibility for internet safety. Commun. ACM 51, 71–76 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  11. McLean, S.: CyberSafety Solutions. http://www.cybersafetysolutions.com.au/about/. Accessed 18 June 2019

  12. Cwele, C.: National integrated ICT policy white paper. Gov. Gaz. 1212, 4–176 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Contacts, K., Coetzer, N.: Information security policy and manual in terms of the protection of personal information act 4 of 2013 (‘POPI’), 1–27 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Searson, M., Hancock, M., Soheil, N., Shepherd, G.: Digital citizenship within global contexts, 729–741 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Meyer, L., Gent, P.: The Status of ICT in South Africa and The Way Forward, 1–54 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Preston, J., Wiebe, S., Gabriel, M., Macdonald, R.: Benefits and challenges of technology in high schools: a voice from educational leaders with a freire echo. Interchange 46, 169–185 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Von Solms, R., Von Solms, S.: Cyber safety education in developing countries. J. Syst. Cybern. Inform. 13, 14–19 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Goodliff, P., Widdowson, A.: CHEAT, an approach to incorporating human factors in cyber security assessments. In: 10th IET System Safety & Cyber Security Conference 2015, vol. 5 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Mpumlwana, T.: FPB - Film and Publication Board. https://www.fpb.org.za/. Accessed 22 July 2019

  20. Ning, H., Liu, H.: Cyber-physical-social-thinking space based science and technology framework for the Internet of Things. Sci. China Inf. Sci. 58, 1–19 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Mawson, N.: Cyber bully Act becomes law—IT Web. https://www.itweb.co.za/content/mraYAyqow3KqJ38N. Accessed 22 July 2019

  22. Wilson, M., Scalise, K., Gochyyev, P.: Rethinking ICT literacy: from computer skills to social network settings. Think. Ski. Creat. 18, 65–80 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Dinçer, S.: Are preservice teachers really literate enough to integrate technology in their classroom practice? Determining the technology literacy level of preservice teachers. Educ. Inf. Technol. 23, 2699–2718 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Ejikeme, A., Okpala, H.: Promoting children’s learning through technology literacy: challenges to school librarians in the 21st century. Educ. Inf. Technol. 22, 1163–1177 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Teimouri, M., Rahim, S., Mark, B.: A model of online protection to reduce children’s online risk exposure: empirical evidence from Asia. Sex. Cult. 22, 1205–1229 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Zilka, G.: eSafety and sharing habits with family and friends among children and adolescents. Child Adolescent Soc. Work J. 36, 521–535 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Farina, K.A.: Cyber crime: identity theft. In: Wright, J.D. (ed.) International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2nd edn., pp. 633–637. Elsevier (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.45054-3

    Google Scholar 

  28. Arachchilage, N., Love, S.: Security awareness of computer users: a phishing threat avoidance perspective. Comput. Hum. Behav. 38, 304–312 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Rice, E., Haynes, E., Royce, P., Thompson, S.: Social media and digital technology use among Indigenous young people in Australia: a literature review. Int. J. Equity Health 15, 81 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Pheeraphan, N.: Enhancement of the 21st century skills for thai higher education by integration of ICT in classroom. Procedia - Soc. Behav. Sci. 103, 365–373 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Murray, C.: Schools and social networking: fear or education. Synergy 6, 8–12 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Third, A., Richardson, I., Collin, P., Rahilly, K., Bolzan, N.: Intergenerational Attitudes towards Social Networking and Cybersafety (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Cohen, J., Renken, M., Calandra, B.: Urban middle school students, twenty-first century skills, and STEM-ICT careers: selected findings from a front-end analysis. TechTrends 61, 380–385 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Kim, S., Shumaker, D.: Student, librarian, and instructor perceptions of information literacy instruction and skills in a first year experience program: a case study. J. Acad. Librariansh. 41, 449–456 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Zhu, S., Yang, H., MacLeod, J., Yu, L., Wu, D.: Investigating teenage students’ information literacy in china: a social cognitive theory perspective. Asia-Pacific Educ. Res. 28, 251–263 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Chris, L.: Barriers hindering implementation. Innov. Adopt. ICT Prim. Sch. Kenya Abstr. 4, 1–11 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Mazalah, A.: The application of 21st century ICT literacy model among teacher trainees. Turk. Online J. Educ. Technol. 15, 151–161 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Betts, L.: We are safe but you are not: exploring comparative optimism and cyber bullying. J. Technol. Behav. Sci. 4, 227–233 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Cho, S., Lee, J.: Explaining physical, verbal, and social bullying among bullies, victims of bullying, and bully-victims: assessing the integrated approach between social control and lifestyles-routine activities theories. Child Youth Serv. Rev. 91, 372–382 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Maunder, R., Crafter, S.: School bullying from a sociocultural perspective. Aggress Violent Behav. 38, 13–20 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Navarro, R., Larrañaga, E., Yubero, S.: Differences between preadolescent victims and non-victims of cyberbullying in cyber-relationship motives and coping strategies for handling problems with peers. Curr. Psychol. 37, 116–127 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Smith, P., Thompson, F., Davidson, J.: Cyber safety for adolescent girls: bullying, harassment, sexting, pornography, and solicitation. Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol. 26, 360–365 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Passey, D., Shonfeld, M., Appleby, L., Judge, M., Saito, T., Smits, A.: Digital agency: empowering equity in and through. Technol. Knowl. Learn. 23, 425–439 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Higgins, S.: Critical thinking for 21st - century education: a cyber-tooth curriculum. Prospects 44, 559–574 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  45. van Laar, E., van Deursen, A., van Dijk, J., Haan, J.: The relation between 21st-century skills and digital skills: a systematic literature review. Comput. Hum. Behav. 72, 577–588 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Gretter, S., Yadav, A.: Computational thinking and media & information literacy: an integrated approach to teaching twenty-first century skills. TechTrends. 60, 510–516 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Monge, R., Frisicaro-Pawlowski, E.: Redefining Information literacy to prepare students for the 21st century workforce. Innov. High. Educ. 39, 59–73 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Zurita, G., Hasbun, B., Baloian, N., Jerez, O.: Emerging Issues in Smart Learning, pp. 1–8. Springer, Heidelberg (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Alkan, M., Meinck, S.: The relationship between students’ use of ICT for social communication and their computer and information literacy. Large-Scale Assess. Educ. 4, 15 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Griffiths, K., Kopanidis, F., Steel, M.: Investigating the value of a peer-to-peer mentoring experience. Australas. Mark. J. 26, 92–98 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Phahlamohlaka, L., Jansen van Vuuren, J., Coetzee, A.: Cyber Security Awareness Toolkit for National Security: an Approach to South Africa’s Cyber Security Policy Implementation Sacsaw, 1–14 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  52. McGrath, J., Fischetti, J.: What if compulsory schooling was a 21st century invention? Weak signals from a systematic review of the literature. Int. J. Educ. Res. 95, 212–226 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Saschanand, C.: Information literacy as a key component of basic education in Thailand. In: 2015 4th International Symposium on Emerging Trends and Technologies in Libraries and Information Services, pp. 187–190 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  54. Hanemann, U., McKay, V.: Learning in the mother tongue: examining the learning outcomes of the South African Kha Ri Gude literacy campaign. Int. Rev. Educ. 65, 351–387 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  55. Audenhove, L., Marien, I., Craffert, L., Grove, W.: South Africa’s e-skills policy. From e-Skills to Media Literacy. In: 2018 IST-Africa Week Conference 11 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  56. Siddiq, F., Gochyyev, P., Wilson, M.: Learning in digital networks – ICT literacy: a novel assessment of students’ 21st century skills. Comput. Educ. 109, 11–37 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa

    Dorothy Scholtz, Elmarie Kritzinger & Adele Botha

  2. CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa

    Adele Botha

Authors
  1. Dorothy Scholtz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Elmarie Kritzinger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Adele Botha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elmarie Kritzinger .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway

    Lisbet Rønningsbakk

  2. National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, Taiwan

    Ting-Ting Wu

  3. Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway

    Frode Eika Sandnes

  4. National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan

    Yueh-Min Huang

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Scholtz, D., Kritzinger, E., Botha, A. (2019). Underpinning Knowledge and Skills for Educators to Enhance Cyber Safety Awareness in South African Schools. In: Rønningsbakk, L., Wu, TT., Sandnes, F., Huang, YM. (eds) Innovative Technologies and Learning. ICITL 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11937. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35343-8_30

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35343-8_30

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-35342-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-35343-8

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics