Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Providing Access to Old Greek Documents Using Keyword Spotting Techniques

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Visual Computing for Cultural Heritage

Part of the book series: Springer Series on Cultural Computing ((SSCC))

Abstract

Keyword spotting is an alternative methodology for document indexing based on spotting words directly on images without the use of a character recognition system. In this paper, an overview of recent techniques and available databases for keyword spotting is presented focusing on the specific characteristics of old Greek machine-printed and handwritten documents. These documents are import treasures of cultural heritage and a valuable source of information for scholars. Indexing of such content is a very challenging task considering the additional problem of having many character classes as well as a variety of different diacritic mark combinations that may appear above or below Greek characters. All steps of a keyword spotting system are highlighted, namely, preprocessing for image binarization, enhancement and segmentation, feature representation, matching and word retrieval, in order to report the efficiency of current keyword spotting approaches when applied to old Greek documents.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Almazan J, Gordo A, Fornes A, Valveny E (2014) Word spotting and recognition with embedded attributes. IEEE TPAMI 36(12):2552–2566

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Antonacopoulos A, Karatzas D (2005) Semantics-based content extraction in typewritten historical documents. In: Eighth international conference on document analysis and recognition, pp 48–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Babenko A, Lempitsky V (2015) Aggregating local deep features for image retrieval. In: IEEE international conference on computer vision (ICCV), pp 1269–1277

    Google Scholar 

  • Bokser M (1992) Omnidocument technologies. Proc. IEEE 80(7):1066–1078

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clausner C, Pletschacher S, Antonacopoulos A (2011) Aletheia—an advanced document layout and text ground-truthing system for production environments. In: 11th international conference on document analysis and recognition (ICDAR 2011), pp 48–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischler MA, Bolles RC (1981) Random sample consensus: a paradigm for model fitting with applications to image analysis and automated cartography. Commun ACM 24(6):381–395

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Gatos B, Konidaris T, Ntzios K, Pratikakis I, Perantonis SJ (2005) A segmentation free approach for keyword search in historical typewritten documents. In: 8th International conference on document analysis and recognition (ICDAR ’05), pp 54–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Gatos B, Pratikakis I, Perantonis SJ (2006) Adaptive degraded document image binarization. Pattern Recogn 39:317–327

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gatos B, Kesidis AL, Papandreou A (2011) Adaptive zoning features for character and word recognition. In: 11th international conference on document analysis and recognition (ICDAR ’l1), pp 1160–1164

    Google Scholar 

  • Gatos B, Louloudis G, Stamatopoulos N (2014) Segmentation of historical handwritten documents into text zones and text lines. In: 14th international conference on frontiers in handwriting recognition (ICFHR ’14), pp 464–469

    Google Scholar 

  • Gatos B, Stamatopoulos N, Louloudis G, Sfikas G, Retsinas G, Papavassiliou V, Simistira F, Katsouros V (2015) GRPOLY-DB: an old Greek polytonic document image database. In: 2015 13th international conference on document analysis and recognition (ICDAR), pp 646–650

    Google Scholar 

  • Giotis AP, Sfikas G, Nikou C, Gatos B (2015) Shape-based word spotting in handwritten document images. In: 2015 13th international conference on document analysis and recognition (ICDAR), pp 561–565

    Google Scholar 

  • Giotis AP, Sfikas G, Gatos B, Nikou C (2017) A survey of document image word spotting techniques. Pattern Recogn 68:310–332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guillevic D, Suen CY (1997) HMM word recognition engine. In: Fourth international conference on document analysis and recognition (ICDAR ’97), pp 544–547

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaderberg M, Vedaldi A, Zisserman A (2014) Deep features for text spotting. In: IEEE European conference in computer vision (ECCV), pp 512–528

    Google Scholar 

  • Kesidis AL, Galiotou E, Gatos B, Pratikakis I (2011) A word spotting framework for historical machine-printed documents. Int J Doc Anal Recognit (IJDAR) 14(2):131–144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Konidaris T, Gatos B, Ntzios K, Pratikakis I, Theodoridis S, Perantonis SJ (2007) Keyword-guided word spotting in historical printed documents using synthetic data and user feedback. Int J Doc Anal Recognit (IJDAR). Special issue on historical documents 9(2–4):167–177

    Google Scholar 

  • Konidaris T, Kesidis AL, Gatos B (2016) A segmentation-free word spotting method for historical printed documents. Pattern Anal Appl 19(4):963–976

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Lavrenko V, Rath TM, Manmatha R (2004) Holistic word recognition for handwritten historical documents. In: Proceedings of the first international work-shop on document image analysis for libraries, pp 278–287

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowe DG (2004) Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints. Int J Comput Vision 60(2):91–110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perantonis SJ, Gatos B, Papamarkos N (1999) Block decomposition and segmentation for fast Hough transform evaluation. Pattern Recogn 32(5):811–824

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ralli A, Galiotou E (2004) Greek compounds: a challenging case for the parsing techniques of PC-KIMMO v.2. Int J Comput Intell 1(2):152–162

    Google Scholar 

  • Rath TM, Manmatha R (2003) Features for word spotting in historical documents. In: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on document analysis and recognition (ICDAR ’03), pp 218–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Sfikas G, Giotis AP, Louloudis G, Gatos B (2015) Using attributes for word spotting and recognition in polytonic Greek documents. In: 13th international conference on document analysis and recognition (ICDAR), pp 686–690

    Google Scholar 

  • Sfikas G, Retsinas G, Gatos B (2016) Zoning aggregated hypercolumns for keyword spotting. In: 2016 15th international conference on frontiers in handwriting recognition (ICFHR), pp 283–288

    Google Scholar 

  • Stamatopoulos N, Gatos B, Kesidis AL (2007) Automatic borders detection of camera document images. In: 2nd international workshop on camera-based document analysis and recognition (CBDAR ’07). Curitiba, Brazil, pp 71–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Stamatopoulos N, Louloudis G, Gatos B (2010) Efficient transcript mapping to ease the creation of document image segmentation ground truth with text-image alignment. In: 12th international conference on frontiers in handwriting recognition (ICFHR ’10), pp 226–231

    Google Scholar 

  • Theodoridis S, Koutroumbas K (1997) Pattern recognition. Academic Press, New York

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Turcato D, Popowich F, Toole J, Fass D, Nicholson D, Tisher D (2000) Adapting a synonym database to specific domains. In: Klavans J, Gonzalo J (eds) Proceedings of the ACL workshop on recent advances in natural language processing and information retrieval, pp 1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasilopoulos N, Kavallieratou E (2013) A classification-free word-spotting system. In: Document recognition and retrieval XX, vol 8658. International Society for Optics and Photonics, p. 86580F

    Google Scholar 

  • Wahl FM, Wong KY, Casey RG (1982) Block segmentation and text extraction in mixed text/image documents. Comput Graph Image Process 20:375–390

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolf C, Jolion J (2006) Object count/area graphs for the evaluation of object detection and segmentation algorithms. Int J Doc Anal Recognit 8(4):280–296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yin PY (2001) Skew detection and block classification of printed documents. Image Vis Comput 19:567–579

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics Engineering, University of West Attica, Agiou Spyridonos St, 12243, Athens, Greece

    Anastasios L. Kesidis

  2. Computational Intelligence Laboratory, National Center for Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos’’, Institute of Informatics and Telecommunications, Patriarchou Grigoriou St., Aghia Paraskevi, 15310, Athens, Greece

    Basilis Gatos

Authors
  1. Anastasios L. Kesidis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Basilis Gatos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anastasios L. Kesidis .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic

    Fotis Liarokapis

  2. University of West Attica, Athens, Greece

    Athanasios Voulodimos

  3. National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Nikolaos Doulamis

  4. Dept of Electrical & Computer Eng, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Anastasios Doulamis

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Kesidis, A.L., Gatos, B. (2020). Providing Access to Old Greek Documents Using Keyword Spotting Techniques. In: Liarokapis, F., Voulodimos, A., Doulamis, N., Doulamis, A. (eds) Visual Computing for Cultural Heritage. Springer Series on Cultural Computing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37191-3_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37191-3_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-37190-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-37191-3

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation