Abstract
Monitoring the oceanographic activity of ships in restricted areas is an important task that can be done using sonar signals. To this end, a human expert may regularly analyze passive sonar signals to count the number of vessels in the region. To automate this process, we propose a deep neural network for counting the number of vessels using sonar signals. Our model is different from common approaches for acoustic signal processing in the sense that it has a rectangular receptive field and utilizes temporal feature integration to perform this task. Moreover, we create a dataset including 117K samples where each sample resembles a scenario with at most 3 vessels. Our results show that the proposed network outperforms traditional methods substantially and classifies \(96\%\) of test samples correctly. Also, we extensively analyze the behavior of our network through various experiments. Our codes and the database are available at https://gitlab.com/haghdam/deep_vessel_counting.
Supported by General Dynamics Mission Systems–Canada.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
French, G., et al.: JellyMonitor: automated detection of jellyfish in sonar images using neural networks. In: 2018 14th IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing (ICSP), pp. 406–412, August 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSP.2018.8652268
Galusha, A., Dale, J., Keller, J.M., Zare, A.: Deep convolutional neural network target classification for underwater synthetic aperture sonar imagery. In: Bishop, S.S., Isaacs, J.C. (eds.) Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XXIV. vol. 11012, pp. 18–28. International Society for Optics and Photonics, SPIE (2019). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2519521
Han, Y., Lee, K.: Acoustic scene classification using convolutional neural network and multiple-width frequency-delta data augmentation. CoRR abs/1607.02383 (2016)
Hannun, A.Y., et al.: Deep speech: scaling up end-to-end speech recognition. CoRR abs/1412.5567 (2014)
Ioffe, S., Szegedy, C.: Batch normalization: accelerating deep network training by reducing internal covariate shift. CoRR abs/1502.03167 (2015)
Klapuri, A., Davy, M.: Signal Processing Methods for Music Transcription, 1st edn. Springer, Boston (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-32845-9
Luo, W., Li, Y., Urtasun, R., Zemel, R.S.: Understanding the effective receptive field in deep convolutional neural networks. CoRR abs/1701.04128 (2017)
Maas, A.L., Hannun, A.Y., Jurafsky, D., Ng, A.Y.: First-pass large vocabulary continuous speech recognition using bi-directional recurrent DNNs. CoRR abs/1408.2873 (2014)
van der Maaten, L., Hinton, G.: Visualizing data using t-SNE. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 9, 2579–2605 (2008)
Neves, G., Ruiz, M., Fontinele, J., Oliveira, L.: Rotated object detection with forward-looking sonar in underwater applications. Expert Syst. Appl. 140, 112870 (2020)
Springenberg, J.T., Dosovitskiy, A., Brox, T., Riedmiller, M.A.: Striving for simplicity: the all convolutional net. CoRR abs/1412.6806 (2014)
Tompson, J., Goroshin, R., Jain, A., LeCun, Y., Bregler, C.: Efficient object localization using convolutional networks. CoRR abs/1411.4280 (2014)
Valenti, M., Squartini, S., Diment, A., Parascandolo, G., Virtanen, T.: A convolutional neural network approach for acoustic scene classification. In: 2017 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), pp. 1547–1554, May 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/IJCNN.2017.7966035
Wang, X., Jiao, J., Yin, J., Zhao, W., Han, X., Sun, B.: Underwater sonar image classification using adaptive weights convolutional neural network. Appl. Acoust. 146, 145–154 (2019)
Xu, M., Duan, L.-Y., Cai, J., Chia, L.-T., Xu, C., Tian, Q.: HMM-based audio keyword generation. In: Aizawa, K., Nakamura, Y., Satoh, S. (eds.) PCM 2004. LNCS, vol. 3333, pp. 566–574. Springer, Heidelberg (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30543-9_71
Zagoruyko, S., Komodakis, N.: Wide residual networks. CoRR abs/1605.07146 (2016)
Zhang, Y., et al.: Towards end-to-end speech recognition with deep convolutional neural networks. CoRR abs/1701.02720 (2017)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Aghdam, H.H., Bouchard, M., Laganiere, R., Petriu, E.M., Wort, P. (2020). A Deep Neural Network for Counting Vessels in Sonar Signals. In: Goutte, C., Zhu, X. (eds) Advances in Artificial Intelligence. Canadian AI 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12109. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47358-7_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47358-7_25
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-47357-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-47358-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)