Abstract
This chapter introduces several methodologies to rapid digital transformation, including Segregated Business Services Design, based on pre-emptive identification and definition of eventually possible digital interfaces throughout the enterprise’s business ecosystem. Adopted as a pattern-based modelling style from the get-go, this does not make the EA development heavier, but it makes the enterprise intrinsically ready for rapid changes, such as client-facing service digitalization, digital outsourcing, digital consolidation of internal services, digital interaction with suppliers, and generally digital-oriented business model change.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
This concept pertains to any kind of change. to change rapidly and efficiently, the enterprise’s business architecture must be ready in the part concerned before the green flag drops to start the transformation project, so that the agile teams can release their clutches and rush to business victory being fully equipped with detailed gapless requirements and specs to implement. Now, that’s real agility.
- 2.
With this we mean business architecture approaches stemming from classic business-process management, such as the Business Architecture Guild’s BIZBOK (https://www.businessarchitectureguild.org/) and OMG’s BASIG (https://www.omg.org/bawg/).
- 3.
Based on a real-life Public-Private Partnership (PPP) project for a major permits-issuing ministry (public sector) digitally outsourcing all customer interaction of one of their lines of business to a concession-based network of private providers, while keeping the ownership of all data and decision-making business rules inside the ministry.
- 4.
Implemented an author in multiple real-life public sector initiatives leading to creation of internal centralized digital business services.
- 5.
Also based on a real-life situation and provided business architectural solution in a major public sector organization.
- 6.
It is important to emphasize that BSOBA and SOE business architectural model pertains purely to business services, this must not be confused with the “Service-Oriented Architecture” (SOA) which is the implementation architecture. At some circumstances the boundaries of Business SOE and SOA services may coincide, but far not always.
- 7.
Note that typical “Service Design” exercises frequently focus on customer experience [25,26,27,28], i.e. deal with client-facing services, and digital business transformations of related external “type 1” and “type 2” interfaces. The SSD looks deep inside of the enterprise for multiple “type 3” opportunities for digital efficiency improvements, which typical service designers do not identify.
- 8.
Business Agility Manifesto defines Business Agility as follows: “Business Agility” by its very name, would suggest implications far beyond the normal dimensions of an “Agile” discussion about software development or organization schemes. “Business Agility” envisions an ability to modify dynamically the concepts and structures of the business itself for maintaining relevance in the context of a dramatically changing, complex and uncertain operational environment. This ability necessarily must include dynamic reconfiguration of implementations, adolescent and mature, manual and automated, new and existing, to continue business operations as business changes are formalized [15].
- 9.
References
Soule, D.L., Puram, A., Westerman, G.F., Bonnet, D.: Becoming a digital organization. J. Digit. Dexter. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2697688 (2016)
Duncan, R.B.: The ambidextrous organization: designing dual structures for innovation. In: Kilmann, R.H., Pondy, L.R., Slevin, D. (eds.) The Management of Organization Design: Strategies and Implementation, pp. 167–188. North Holland, New York (1976)
March, J.G.: Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Org. Sci. 2, 71–87 (1991)
O’Reilly, C.A., Tushman, M.L.: The ambidextrous organization. Hvd. Bus. Rev. 74–83 (2004)
O’Reilly, C.A., Tushman, M.L.: Organizational ambidexterity in action: How managers explore and exploit. Cal. Mgt. Rev. 53, 1–18 (2011)
O’Reilly, C.A., Tushman, M.L.: Organizational Ambidexterity: Past, Present and Future. Academy of Management Perspectives. Rock Center for Corporate Governance at Stanford University Working Paper No. 142 (forthcoming). http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2285704 (2013)
Gerster, D.: Digital transformation and IT: current state of research. In: PACIS 2017 Proceedings, vol. 133. http://aisel.aisnet.org/pacis2017/133 (2017)
Lee, O.K., Sambamurthy, V., Lim, K.H., Wei, K.K.: How does IT ambidexterity impact organizational agility? Inf. Sys. Res. 26, 398–417 (2015)
Horlach, B., Drews, P., Böhmann, T., Schirmer, I.: Increasing the agility of IT delivery—five types of bimodal IT organization. In: Proceedings of HICSS 2017, pp. 5420–5429. Waikoloa, Hawaii (2017)
Haffke, I., Kalgovas, B., Benlian, A.: The transformative role of bimodal IT in an era of digital business. In: Proceedings of the 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp. 5460–5469. Waikoloa, Hawaii (2017)
Drews, P., Schirmer, I., Horlach, B., Tekaat, C.: Bimodal enterprise architecture management: the emergence of a new EAM function for a BizDevOps-based fast IT. In: 2017 IEEE 21st International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Workshop (EDOCW) (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/edocw.2017.18
Bossert, O., Ip, C., Laartz, J.: A Two-Speed IT Architecture for the Digital Enterprise. McKinsey (2014)
Bossert, O., Laartz, J., Ramsøy, T.: Running Your Company at Two Speeds. McK Qtl (2014)
Bharadwaj, A., El Sawy, O.A., Pavlou, P.A., Venkatraman, N.V.: Digital business strategy: toward a next generation of insights. MISQ 37(2), 471–482 (2013)
Burlton, R.T., Ross, R.G., Zachman, J.A.: Business Agility Manifesto. Business Agility Coalition. https://busagilitymanifesto.org (2018)
SIAM Body of Knowledge. Available: http://www.scopism.com/free-downloads/
Matt, C., Hess, T., Benlian, A.: Digital transformation strategies. Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng. 57(5), 339–343 (2015)
Rauch, M., Wenzel, M., Wagner, H.-T.: The digital disruption of strategic paths: an experimental study. In: International Conference on Information Systems, Dublin (2016)
Skog, D.A., Wimelius, H., Sandberg, J.: Digital Disruption. Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng. 60, 431 (2018)
Westerman, G., Bonnet, D.: Revamping your business through digital transformation. MIT Sloan Manag. Rev. 56(3), 10–13 (2015)
Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y., Clark, T.: Business Model Generation: A Handbook for Visionaries, Game Changers, and Challengers. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ (2010)
GSRM: Government Strategic Reference Model. Governments of Canada. http://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/BT22-95-2004E.pdf
The Government of Ontario Information and Technology Standards (GO-ITS): https://www.ontario.ca/page/information-technology-standards#section-1 and 56.1 Defining Programs and Services in the Ontario Public Service Appendix A. https://www.ontario.ca/document/go-its-561-defining-programs-and-services-ontario-public-service-appendix
Poulin, M.: Ladder to SOE: How to Create Resourceful and Efficient Solutions for Market Changes within Business and Technology. Troubador Publishing (2009)
Brown, T.: Change by Design: How Design Thinking Transforms Organizations and Inspires Innovation. HarperCollins Publishers, New York, NY (2009)
Lockwood, T.: Design Thinking: Integrating Innovation, Customer Experience, and Brand Value. Simon and Schuster (2010)
Teixeira, J., Patrício, L., Nunes, N., Nóbrega, L., Fisk, R., Constantine, L.: Customer experience modeling: from customer experience to service design. J Serv. Manag. 23(3), 362–376 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1108/09564231211248453
Zomerdijk, L.G., Voss, C.A.: Service design for experience-centric services. J. Serv. Res. 13(1), 67–82 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670509351960
Municipal Reference Model: https://ics2020.com/services-mrm/
ACORD Reference Model: https://www.acord.org/standards-architecture/reference-architecture
Panorama 360 Reference Model: https://www.insuranceframeworks.com
BIAN Reference Model: https://www.bian.org/
APQC Process Classification Framewords: https://www.apqc.org/process-performance-management/process-frameworks
Business Architecture Guild Reference Models: https://www.businessarchitectureguild.org/store/ListProducts.aspx?catid=677483
Wittenburg, A., Matthes, F., Fischer, F., Hallermeister, T.: Building an integrated IT governance platform at the BMW group. Int. J. Bus. Process. Integr. Manag. 2(4), 327–337 (2007)
Cram, V.A.: Brohman MK and Gallupe RB (2015) Addressing the Control Challenges of the Enterprise Architecture Process. J. Inf. Syst. 29(2), 161–182 (2015)
De Haes, S., Van Grembergen, W., Debreceny, R.S.: COBIT 5 and enterprise governance of information technology: building blocks and research opportunities. J. Inf. Syst. 27(1), 307–324 (2013)
Wahab, I.H.A., Arief, A.: An integrative framework of COBIT and TOGAF for designing IT governance in local government. In: 2nd International Conference on Information Technology Computer and Electrical Engineering (ICITACEE), pp. 36–40 (2015)
Scaled Agile Framework: https://www.scaledagileframework.com/
Disciplined Agile Toolkit: https://disciplinedagiledelivery.com
Ahmadi, H., Farahani, B., Aliee, F.S., Motlagh, M.A.: Cross-layer enterprise architecture evaluation: an approach to improve the evaluation of enterprise architecture TO-BE plan. In: Proceedings of COINS Conference. COINS, Crete, Greece. https://doi.org/10.1145/3312614.3312659 (2019)
Hope, T., Chew, E., Sharma, R.: The failure of success factors: lessons from success and failure cases of enterprise architecture implementation. In: Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGMIS Conference on Computers and People Research. ACM (2017)
Jusuf, M.B., Kurnia, S.: Understanding the benefits and success factors of enterprise architecture. In: Proceedings of HICSS 2017. Waikoloa, Hawaii (2017)
Hauder, M., Roth, S., Matthes, F., Schulz, C.: An examination of organizational factors influencing enterprise architecture management challenges. In: van Hillegersberg, J., van Heck, E., Connolly, R. (eds.) Proceedings of the 21st European Conference on Information Systems, pp. 1–12. Association for Information Systems, Utrecht, The Netherlands (2013)
Kotusev, S., Singh, M., Storey, I.: Investigating the usage of enterprise architecture artifacts. In: Becker, J., vom Brocke, J., de Marco, M. (eds.) Proceedings of the 23rd European Conference on Information Systems, pp. 1–12. Association for Information Systems, Munster, Germany (2015)
Kotusev, S.: The history of enterprise architecture: an evidence-based review. J. Ent. Arch. 12(1), 29–37 (2016)
Löhe, J., Legner, C.: Inf. Syst. E-Bus. Manag. 12, 101 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10257-012-0211-y
Blevins, T.: Enterprise Architecture as a Service—Why? Open Group Blog Post. https://blog.opengroup.org/2018/07/03/enterprise-architecture-as-a-service-why/ (2018)
Blevins, T.: Enterprise Architecture as a Service—What? Open Group Blog Post. https://blog.opengroup.org/2018/07/10/enterprise-architecture-as-a-service-what/ (2018)
Blevins, T.: Enterprise Architecture as a Service—How?—Reach for the Stars. Open Group Blog Post. https://blog.opengroup.org/2018/07/17/enterprise-architecture-as-a-service-how-reach-for-the-stars/ (2018)
Horlach, B., Drews, P., Schirmer, I.: Bimodal IT: business-IT alignment in the age of digital transformation. In: Proceedings of MKWI 2016, pp. 967–978. Ilmenau (2016)
Bhaide, P., Rao, R.: Enterprise architecture as a framework for digital transformation in the EPC industry. J. Ent. Arch. 14(1), 19–28 (2018)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gøtze, J., Romanov, A. (2021). Enabling Rapid Digital Transformation. In: Zimmermann, A., Schmidt, R., Jain, L. (eds) Architecting the Digital Transformation. Intelligent Systems Reference Library, vol 188. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49640-1_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49640-1_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-49639-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-49640-1
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)