Skip to main content

Increasing Parental Involvement in Computer Science Education Through the Design and Development of Family Creative Computing Workshops

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Computer Supported Education (CSEDU 2019)

Part of the book series: Communications in Computer and Information Science ((CCIS,volume 1220))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

The importance of parental involvement (PI) in education is well established. However, the growth of CS Education at K12 level in recent years has raised questions about parents’ confidence and competence in engaging in this area with their children because of their own lack of CS knowledge and skills. This paper outlines the development and evaluation of family workshops designed to increase parental confidence and competence in partaking of CS activities with their primary-school aged children (5–13). A number of design principles were identified through a comprehensive needs analysis leading to the development of a model for family creative-computing workshops.

The evaluation aimed primarily to investigate the effect of the strategy on the participants’ confidence in partaking in creative computing activities with their families. Positive results were found for the sample investigated in whom the mean confidence level rose significantly. Participants reported satisfaction with and enjoyment of the strategy, particularly the inter-family collaboration and the creation of concrete artefacts. Confidence in their ability to organise such activities also rose significantly and a number of the participating families went on to do so. The identification and evaluation of the design principles for family CS activities as well as the workshop model should be of interest to other researchers and practitioners interested in improving PI in CS Education.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Coderdojo Movement. https://coderdojo.com/movement/

  2. Scratch - Imagine, Program, Share. https://scratch.mit.edu/

  3. Accenture: Powering economic growth; Attracting more young women into science and technology. Technical report, Accenture (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Ackermann, E.: Piaget’s constructivism, Papert’s constructionism: what’s the difference. Fut. Learn. Group Publ. 5(3), 438 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Borgonovi, F., Montt, G.: Parental involvement in selected PISA countries and economies (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Brahms, L.: Making as a Learning Process: Identifying and Supporting Family Learning in Informal Settings. Ph.D. thesis, University of Pittsburgh (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bresnihan, N., Strong, G., Fisher, L., Millwood, R., Lynch, Á.: OurKidsCode: facilitating families to be creative with computing. In: 11th International Conference on Computer Supported Education, pp. 519–530 (July 2019)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Brown, N.C., Sentance, S., Crick, T., Humphreys, S.: Restart: the resurgence of computer science in UK schools. ACM Trans. Comput. Educ. (TOCE) 14(2), 9 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Cancio, E.J., West, R.P., Young, K.R.: Improving mathematics homework completion and accuracy of students with EBD through self-management and parent participation. J. Emot. Behav. Dis. 12(1), 9–22 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Clarke-Midura, J., Sun, C., Pantic, K., Poole, F., Allan, V.: Using informed design in informal computer science programs to increase youths’ interest, self-efficacy, and perceptions of parental support. ACM Trans. Comput. Educ. 19(4), 371–3724 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1145/3319445

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Collective, B.M., Shaw, D.: Makey Makey: improvising tangible and nature-based user interfaces. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction, TEI 2012, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, p. 367. ACM Press (2012). https://doi.org/10.1145/2148131.2148219

  12. Desforges, C., Abouchaar, A.: The Impact of Parental Involvement, Parental Support and Family Education on Pupil Achievement and Adjustment: A Literature Review, vol. 433. DfES Publications, Nottingham (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Emerson, L., Fear, J., Fox, S., Sanders, E.: Parental engagement in learning and schooling: lessons from research. A report by the Australian Research Alliance for Children and Youth (ARACY) for the Family-School and Community Partnerships Bureau, Canberra (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Emerson, R.M., Fretz, R.I., Shaw, L.L.: Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes. Chicago Guides to Writing, Editing, and Publishing, 2nd edn. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Epstein, J.L., Simon, B., Salinas, K.C.: Involving parents in homework in the middle grades. Res. Bull. 18(4), 4 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Finn, C.: A third of people think coding is more important than learning Irish. thejournal.ie (October 2014)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Gallup, Google: Searching for Computer Science: Access and Barriers in U.S. K-12 Education. Technical report (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Gliem, J.A., Gliem, R.R.: Calculating, interpreting, and reporting Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient for Likert-type scales. Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Goodall, J., Vorhaus, J.: Review of best practice in parental engagement (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Hammersley, M., Atkinson, P.: Ethnography: Principles in Practice. Routledge, Abingdon (2007)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  21. Harris, A., Goodall, J.: Do parents know they matter? Engaging all parents in learning. Educ. Res. 50(3), 277–289 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Hornby, G., Blackwell, I.: Barriers to parental involvement in education: an update. Educ. Rev. 70(1), 109–119 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2018.1388612

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Hornby, G., Lafaele, R.: Barriers to parental involvement in education: an explanatory model. Educ. Rev. 63(1), 37–52 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Jodl, K.M., Michael, A., Malanchuk, O., Eccles, J.S., Sameroff, A.: Parents’ roles in shaping early adolescents’ occupational aspirations. Child Dev. 72(4), 1247–1266 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Jordan, G.E., Snow, C.E., Porche, M.V.: Project EASE: the effect of a family literacy project on kindergarten students’ early literacy skills. Read. Res. Q. 35(4), 524–546 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1598/RRQ.35.4.5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Kafai, Y.B., Burke, Q.: Constructionist gaming: understanding the benefits of making games for learning. Educ. Psychol. 50(4), 313–334 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Keane, N., McInerney, C.: Report on the Provision of Courses in Computer Science in Upper Second Level Education Internationally. Technical report, National Council for Curriculum and Assessment of Ireland (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Kirkpatrick, D.: The Four Levels of Evaluation. No. 701, American Society for Training and Development (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Kong, S.C., Li, R.K.Y., Kwok, R.C.W.: Measuring parents’ perceptions of programming education in P-12 schools: scale development and validation. J. Educ. Comput. Res. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633118783182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Kratochwill, T.R., McDonald, L., Levin, J.R., Bear-Tibbetts, H.Y., Demaray, M.K.: Families and schools together: an experimental analysis of a parent-mediated multi-family group program for American Indian children. J. Sch. Psychol. 42(5), 359–383 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Lawlor, J., Conneely, C., Oldham, E., Marshall, K., Tangney, B.: Bridge21: teamwork, technology and learning. A pragmatic model for effective twenty-first-century team-based learning. Technol. Pedagog. Educ. 27(2), 211–232 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2017.1405066

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. LeFevre, A.L., Shaw, T.V.: Latino parent involvement and school success: longitudinal effects of formal and informal support. Educ. Urban Soc. 44(6), 707–723 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. NCCA and N.C.f.C.: Coding in Primary Schools (2017). https://www.ncca.ie/en/primary/primary-developments/coding-in-primary-schools

  34. Oldham, E., et al.: Developing confident computational thinking through teacher twinning online. Int. J. Smart Educ. Urban Soc. (IJSEUS) 9(1), 61–75 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. O’Toole, L., Kiely, J., McGillicuddy, D.: Parental Involvement, Engagement and Partnership in their Children’s Education during the Primary School Years. Technical report, National Parents Council (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Palmer, S., Cochran, L.: Parents as agents of career development. J. Couns. Psychol. 35(1), 71 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Pantin, H., et al.: Familias Unidas: the efficacy of an intervention to promote parental investment in Hispanic immigrant families. Prev. Sci. 4(3), 189–201 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Papastergiou, M.: Are computer science and information technology still masculine fields? High school students’ perceptions and career choices. Comput. Educ. 51(2), 594–608 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Papert, S.: Mindstorms: Children, Computers, and Powerful Ideas. Basic Books Inc., New York (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Rearick, M.L., Feldman, A.: Orientations, purposes and reflection: a framework for understanding action research. Teach. Teach. Educ. 15(4), 333–349 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Roque, R.: Family creative learning. In: Makeology: Makerspaces as Learning Environments, vol. 1, p. 47 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Shaver, A.V., Walls, R.T.: Effect of title I parent involvement on student reading and mathematics achievement. J. Res. Dev. Educ. 31(2), 90–97 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Sheldon, S.B.: Linking school-family-community partnerships in urban elementary schools to student achievement on state tests. Urban Rev. 35(2), 149–165 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Spradley, J.P.: The Ethnographic Interview. Waveland Press Inc., Long Grove (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Spradley, J.P.: Participant Observation. Waveland Press, Long Grove (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Starkey, P., Klein, A.: Fostering parental support for children’s mathematical development: an intervention with Head Start families. Early Educ. Dev. 11(5), 659–680 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1207/s15566935eed1105_7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Sylva, K., Melhuish, E., Sammons, P., Siraj-Blatchford, I., Taggart, B.: Effective Pre-school and Primary Education 3-11 Project (EPPE 3-11)-Final Report from the Primary Phase: Pre-school, School and Family Influences on Children’s Development during Key Stage 2 (Age 7-11) (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Takeuchi, L., et al.: The new coviewing (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Vekiri, I.: Boys’ and girls’ ICT beliefs: do teachers matter? Comput. Educ. 55(1), 16–23 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Voogt, J., Fisser, P., Good, J., Mishra, P., Yadav, A.: Computational thinking in compulsory education: towards an agenda for research and practice. Educ. Inf. Technol. 20(4), 715–728 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-015-9412-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Wing, J.M.: Computational thinking. Commun. ACM 49(3), 33 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1145/1118178.1118215

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research is funded by Science Foundation Ireland and administered by the National Parents Council (Primary) in partnership with the School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin. Workshops have been supported by Microsoft Ireland.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Glenn Strong .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Bresnihan, N., Strong, G., Fisher, L., Millwood, R., Lynch, Á. (2020). Increasing Parental Involvement in Computer Science Education Through the Design and Development of Family Creative Computing Workshops. In: Lane, H.C., Zvacek, S., Uhomoibhi, J. (eds) Computer Supported Education. CSEDU 2019. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1220. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58459-7_23

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58459-7_23

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-58458-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-58459-7

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics