Abstract
Digital Twins are digital representations of real-world entities. Their behavior resembles the behavior of the real entity at all times. They are candidates for the evaluation of complex adaptive embedded systems, for example in the domains of autonomous driving, or industry 4.0 production systems. However, as most simulators are specialized and only simulate selected aspects of a system with highest accuracy, the creation of a Digital Twin requires the coupling of simulators and their simulation models. Related work indicates that this is still a labor-intensive and manual task. In this paper, we present an architecture framework that transfers approaches from Component-Based Software Engineering to simulator coupling. Simulators are encapsulated as simulation components with defined interfaces. The creation of a Digital Twin is supported by orchestrating simulation components. We present the formal definition of simulation components and our simulation framework, as well as the rules for coupling simulation components into Digital Twins.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Glaessgen, E.H., Stargel, D.S.: The digital twin paradigm for future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles. In: 53rd Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference Special Session: Digital Twin, Honolulu, HI, US (2012)
Kuhn, T., Forster, T., Braun, T., Gotzhein, R.: FERAL — framework for simulator coupling on requirements and architecture level. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM/IEEE International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for Codesign (MEMOCODE 2013), pp. 11–22. IEEE Computer Society, USA (2013)
Sommer, C., German, R., Dressler, F.: Bidirectionally coupled network and road traffic simulation for improved IVC analysis. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 10(1), 3–15 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2010.133
Wegener, A., Piorkowski, M., Raya, M., Hellbrück, H., Fischer, S., Hubaux, J.-P.: TraCI: an interface for coupling road traffic and network simulators. In: Proceedings of the 11th Communications and Networking Simulation Symposium, CNS 2008 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1145/1400713.1400740
Nasiriani, N., et al.: An embedded communication network simulator for power systems simulations in PSCAD. In: 2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, Vancouver, BC, pp. 1–5 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/pesmg.2013.6672764
Llatser, I., Jornod, G., Festag, A., Mansolino, D., Navarro, I., Martinoli, A.: Simulation of cooperative automated driving by bidirectional coupling of vehicle and network simulators. In: 2017 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), Los Angeles, CA, pp. 1881–1886 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2017.7995979
Schuhbäck, S., et al.: Towards a bidirectional coupling of pedestrian dynamics and mobile communication simulation. In: Proceedings of 6th International OM, vol. 66, pp. 60–67 (2019)
Sun, X., Chen, Y., Liu, J., Huang, S.: A co-simulation platform for smart grid considering interaction between information and power systems. In: ISGT 2014, Washington, DC, pp. 1–6 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt.2014.6816423
Kim, T., et al.: Tens of Gbps support with mmWave beamforming systems for next generation communications. In: IEEE GLOBECOM 2013, December 2013, pp. 3790–3795 (2013)
Bertsch, C., et al.: FMI for physical models on automotive embedded targets. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Modelica Conference, Versailles, France, 21–23 September 2015, vol. 118. Linköping University Electronic Press (2015)
Dahmann, J.S., Fujimoto, R.M., Weatherly, R.M.: The department of defense high level architecture. In: Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Winter Simulation, pp. 142–149 (1997)
Zimmermann, H.: OSI reference model – the ISO model of architecture for open systems interconnection. IEEE Trans. Commun. 28(4), 425–432 (1980)
Feth, P., Bauer, T., Kuhn, T.: Virtual validation of cyber physical systems. In: GI Conference on Software Engineering & Management, Dresden, Germany (2015)
Cioroaica, E., Chren, S., Buhnova, B., Kuhn, T., Dimitrov, D.: Towards creation of a reference architecture for trust-based digital ecosystems. In: ECSA 2019: Proceedings of the 13th European Conference on Software Architecture – vol. 2, September 2019
Antonino, P.O., Morgenstern, A., Kuhn, T.: Embedded-software architects: it’s not only about the software. IEEE Softw. 33(6), 56–62 (2016)
Marko, N., Ruebsam, J., Biehn, A., Schneider, H.: Scenario-based testing of ADAS - integration of the open simulation interface into co-simulation for function validation. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications (SIMULTECH 2019) (2019)
Riley, G.F., Henderson, T.R.: The ns-3 network simulator. In: Wehrle, K., Güneş, M., Gross, J. (eds.) Modeling and Tools for Network Simulation. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12331-3_2
Baumann, P., Samlaus, R., Mikelsons, L., Kuhn, T., Jahic, J.: Towards virtual validation of distributed functions. In: Proceedings of the 2019 Summer Simulation Conference (SummerSim 2019), July 2019
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kuhn, T., Antonino, P.O., Bachorek, A. (2020). A Simulator Coupling Architecture for the Creation of Digital Twins. In: Muccini, H., et al. Software Architecture. ECSA 2020. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1269. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59155-7_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59155-7_25
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-59154-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-59155-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)