Skip to main content

Cross-Graph Representation Learning for Unsupervised Graph Alignment

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Database Systems for Advanced Applications (DASFAA 2020)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNISA,volume 12113))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 2011 Accesses

  • The original version of this chapter was revised: an institution affiliation was missing in the authors’ section for the following authors: Weifan Wang, Minnan Lu, and Qinghua Zheng. The missing institution has been now added. The correction to this chapter is available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59416-9_49

Abstract

As a crucial prerequisite for graph mining, graph alignment aims to find node correspondences across multiple correlated graphs. The main difficulty of graph alignment lies in how to seamlessly bridge multiple graphs with distinct topology structures and attribute distributions. A vast majority of earlier efforts tackle this problem based on alignment consistency, which directly measures the attribute and structure similarity of nodes. However, alignment consistency is prone to be violated due to the radically different patterns owned by different graphs. Another group of methods tackle the problem in a supervised manner by learning a mapping function that maps the node representations of both the source and target graphs into the same feature space. However, these methods heavily rely on observed anchor links between different graphs while these anchor links are usually limited or even absent in many real-world applications. To address these issues, we propose an unsupervised cross-graph representation learning framework to jointly learn the node representations of different graphs in a unified deep model. Specifically, we employ an auto-encoder model to learn the cross-graph node representations based on both attribute and structure reconstruction, where source and target graphs share the same encoder but are decoded by their respective decoders. To step further, we also introduce a discriminator to better align the learned representations for different graphs via adversarial training. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Change history

  • 25 April 2021

    In the original edition of this chapter, an institution affiliation was missing in the authors’ section for the following authors: Weifan Wang, Minnan Lu, and Qinghua Zheng. The missing institution has been now added.

Notes

  1. 1.

    https://github.com/thunlp/OpenNE/tree/master/data/wiki.

References

  1. Bayati, M., Gerritsen, M., Gleich, D.F., Saberi, A., Wang, Y.: Algorithms for large, sparse network alignment problems. In: ICDM (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Cao, S., Lu, W., Xu, Q.: Deep neural networks for learning graph representations. In: AAAI (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Chen, C., et al.: Unsupervised adversarial graph alignment with graph embedding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1907.00544 (2019)

  4. Cohen, W., Ravikumar, P., Fienberg, S.: A comparison of string metrics for matching names and records. In: ACM KDD Workshop on Data Cleaning and Object Consolidation (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Grover, A., Leskovec, J.: node2vec: Scalable feature learning for networks. In: ACM SIGKDD (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Heimann, M., Shen, H., Safavi, T., Koutra, D.: Regal: representation learning-based graph alignment. In: ACM CIKM (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Kipf, T.N., Welling, M.: Semi-supervised classification with graph convolutional networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1609.02907 (2016)

  8. Kipf, T.N., Welling, M.: Variational graph auto-encoders. arXiv preprint arXiv:1611.07308 (2016)

  9. Kong, X., Zhang, J., Yu, P.S.: Inferring anchor links across multiple heterogeneous social networks. In: ACM CIKM (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Koutra, D., Tong, H., Lubensky, D.: Big-align: fast bipartite graph alignment. In: ICDM (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Li, J., Hu, X., Tang, J., Liu, H.: Unsupervised streaming feature selection in social media. In: ACM CIKM (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Li, Q., Zhong, J., Li, Q., Cao, Z., Wang, C.: Enhancing network embedding with implicit clustering. In: Li, G., Yang, J., Gama, J., Natwichai, J., Tong, Y. (eds.) DASFAA 2019. LNCS, vol. 11446, pp. 452–467. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18576-3_27

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  13. Liu, L., Cheung, W.K., Li, X., Liao, L.: Aligning users across social networks using network embedding. In: IJCAI (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Lü, L., Zhou, T.: Link prediction in weighted networks: the role of weak ties. EPL (Europhys. Lett.) 89, 18001 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Man, T., Shen, H., Liu, S., Jin, X., Cheng, X.: Predict anchor links across social networks via an embedding approach. In: IJCAI (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Menon, A.K., Elkan, C.: Link prediction via matrix factorization. In: Gunopulos, D., Hofmann, T., Malerba, D., Vazirgiannis, M. (eds.) ECML PKDD 2011. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 6912, pp. 437–452. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23783-6_28

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  17. Moore, C., Yan, X., Zhu, Y., Rouquier, J.B., Lane, T.: Active learning for node classification in assortative and disassortative networks. In: ACM SIGKDD (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Perozzi, B., Al-Rfou, R., Skiena, S.: DeepWalk: online learning of social representations. In: ACM SIGKDD (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Ramaswamy, L., Gedik, B., Liu, L.: A distributed approach to node clustering in decentralized peer-to-peer networks. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 16(9), 814–829 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Sasikumar, P., Khara, S.: K-means clustering in wireless sensor networks. In: CICN (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Singh, R., Xu, J., Berger, B.: Pairwise global alignment of protein interaction networks by matching neighborhood topology. In: Speed, T., Huang, H. (eds.) RECOMB 2007. LNCS, vol. 4453, pp. 16–31. Springer, Heidelberg (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71681-5_2

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. Tang, J., Qu, M., Wang, M., Zhang, M., Yan, J., Mei, Q.: Line: large-scale information network embedding. In: WWW (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Trouillon, T., Welbl, J., Riedel, S., Gaussier, É., Bouchard, G.: Complex embeddings for simple link prediction. In: ICML (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Wang, D., Cui, P., Zhu, W.: Structural deep network embedding. In: ACM SIGKDD (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Xiong, Y., Zhang, Y., Fu, H., Wang, W., Zhu, Y., Yu, P.S.: DynGraphGAN: dynamic graph embedding via generative adversarial networks. In: Li, G., Yang, J., Gama, J., Natwichai, J., Tong, Y. (eds.) DASFAA 2019. LNCS, vol. 11446, pp. 536–552. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18576-3_32

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  26. Xue, L., Luo, M., Peng, Z., Li, J., Chen, Y., Liu, J.: Anomaly detection in time-evolving attributed networks. In: Li, G., Yang, J., Gama, J., Natwichai, J., Tong, Y. (eds.) DASFAA 2019. LNCS, vol. 11448, pp. 235–239. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18590-9_19

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  27. Zhang, J., Philip, S.Y.: Multiple anonymized social networks alignment. In: ICDM (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Zhang, J., Yu, P.S.: PCT: partial co-alignment of social networks. In: WWW (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Zhang, S., Tong, H.: Final: fast attributed network alignment. In: ACM SIGKDD (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Zhang, S., Tong, H., Tang, J., Xu, J., Fan, W.: iNEAT: incomplete network alignment. In: ICDM (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Zhang, Y., Tang, J., Yang, Z., Pei, J., Yu, P.S.: COSNET: connecting heterogeneous social networks with local and global consistency. In: ACM SIGKDD (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Zhou, F., Liu, L., Zhang, K., Trajcevski, G., Wu, J., Zhong, T.: DeepLink: a deep learning approach for user identity linkage. In: INFOCOM (2018)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 61872287, No. 61532015, and No. 61872446), Innovative Research Group of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61721002), Innovation Research Team of Ministry of Education (IRT_17R86), and Project of China Knowledge Center for Engineering Science and Technology. Besides, this research was funded by National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2018AAA0102900).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Minnan Luo .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Wang, W., Luo, M., Yan, C., Wang, M., Zhao, X., Zheng, Q. (2020). Cross-Graph Representation Learning for Unsupervised Graph Alignment. In: Nah, Y., Cui, B., Lee, SW., Yu, J.X., Moon, YS., Whang, S.E. (eds) Database Systems for Advanced Applications. DASFAA 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12113. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59416-9_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59416-9_22

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-59415-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-59416-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics