Skip to main content

Scheduling Multi-workflows over Edge Computing Resources with Time-Varying Performance, A Novel Probability-Mass Function and DQN-Based Approach

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Web Services – ICWS 2020 (ICWS 2020)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNPSE,volume 12406))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

The edge computing paradigm is featured by the ability to off-load computing tasks from mobile devices to edge clouds and provide high cost-efficient computing resources, storage and network services closer to the edge. A key question for workflow scheduling in the edge computing environment is how to guarantee user-perceived quality of services when the supporting edge services and resources are with unstable, time-variant, and fluctuant performance. In this work, we study the workflow scheduling problem in the multi-user edge computing environment and propose a Deep-Q-Network (DQN) -based multi-workflow scheduling approach which is capable of handling time-varying performance of edge services. To validate our proposed approach, we conduct a simulative case study and compare ours with other existing methods. Results clearly demonstrate that our proposed method beats its peers in terms of convergence speed and workflow completion time.

H. Liu and Y. Ma—Contribute equally to this article and should be considered co-first authors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Chen, X., Liu, Z., Chen, Y., Li, Z.: Mobile edge computing based task offloading and resource allocation in 5g ultra-dense networks. IEEE Access 7, 184172–184182 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Ciobanu, R., Dobre, C., Balanescu, M., Suciu, G.: Data and task offloading in collaborative mobile fog-based networks. IEEE Access 7, 104405–104422 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Li, G., Lin, Q., Wu, J., Zhang, Y., Yan, J.: Dynamic computation offloading based on graph partitioning in mobile edge computing. IEEE Access 7, 185131–185139 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Luo, S., Wen, Y., Xu, W., Puthal, D.: Adaptive task offloading auction for industrial CPS in mobile edge computing. IEEE Access 7, 169055–169065 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Zhou, J., Fan, J., Wang, J., Zhu, J.: Task offloading for social sensing applications in mobile edge computing. In: Seventh International Conference on Advanced Cloud and Big Data, CBD 2019, Suzhou, China, 21–22 September 2019, pp. 333–338. IEEE (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Chen, H., Zhu, X., Liu, G., Pedrycz, W.: Uncertainty-aware online scheduling for real-time workflows in cloud service environment. IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput. 1, 1 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Zhang, Y., Du, P.: Delay-driven computation task scheduling in multi-cell cellular edge computing systems. IEEE Access 7, 149156–149167 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Cao, H., Xu, X., Liu, Q., Xue, Y., Qi, L.: Uncertainty-aware resource provisioning for workflow scheduling in edge computing environment. In: 18th IEEE International Conference On Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications / 13th IEEE International Conference On Big Data Science And Engineering, TrustCom/BigDataSE 2019, Rotorua, New Zealand, 5–8 August 2019, pp. 734–739. IEEE (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Deng, Y., Chen, Z., Yao, X., Hassan, S., Wu, J.: Task scheduling for smart city applications based on multi-server mobile edge computing. IEEE Access 7, 14410–14421 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Jian, C., Chen, J., Ping, J., Zhang, M.: An improved chaotic bat swarm scheduling learning model on edge computing. IEEE Access 7, 58602–58610 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Ma, Y., et al.: A novel approach to cost-efficient scheduling of multi-workflows in the edge computing environment with the proximity constraint. In: Wen, S., Zomaya, A.Y., Yang, L.T. (eds.) Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing - 19th International Conference, ICA3PP 2019, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 9–11 December 2019, Proceedings, Part I. Volume 11944 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 655–668. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38991-8_43

  12. Peng, Q., Jiang, H., Chen, M., Liang, J., Xia, Y.: Reliability-aware and deadline-constrained workflow scheduling in mobile edge computing. In: 16th IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control, ICNSC 2019, Banff, AB, Canada, May 9–11, 2019, pp. 236–241. IEEE (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bernal, J., et al.: Deep convolutional neural networks for brain image analysis on magnetic resonance imaging: a review. Artif. Intell. Med. 95, 64–81 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Bouwmans, T., Javed, S., Sultana, M., Jung, S.K.: Deep neural network concepts for background subtraction: a systematic review and comparative evaluation. Neural Netw. 117, 8–66 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Grekousis, G.: Artificial neural networks and deep learning in urban geography: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Comput. Environ. Urban Syst. 74, 244–256 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kaur, M., Kadam, S.: A novel multi-objective bacteria foraging optimization algorithm (MOBFOA) for multi-objective scheduling. Appl. Soft Comput. J. 66, 183–195 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Zhang, L., Li, K., Li, C., Li, K.: Bi-objective workflow scheduling of the energy consumption and reliability in heterogeneous computing systems. Inf. Sci. 379, 241–256 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Casas, I., Taheri, J., Ranjan, R., Wang, L., Zomaya, A.Y.: GA-ETI: an enhanced genetic algorithm for the scheduling of scientific workflows in cloud environments. J. Comput. Sci. 26, 318–331 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Verma, A., Kaushal, S.: A hybrid multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization for scientific workflow scheduling. Parallel Comput. 62, 1–19 (2017)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. Zhou, X., Zhang, G., Sun, J., Zhou, J., Wei, T., Hu, S.: Minimizing cost and makespan for workflow scheduling in cloud using fuzzy dominance sort based HEFT. Fut. Generation Comput. Syst. 93, 278–289 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Bertsekas, D.P.: Feature-based aggregation and deep reinforcement learning: a survey and some new implementations. In: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, pp. 1–31 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Mao, H., Alizadeh, M., Menache, I., Kandula, S.: Resource management with deep reinforcement learning. In: Proceedings of the 15th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks - HotNets 2016, pp. 50–56 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Xue, L., Sun, C., Wunsch, D., Zhou, Y., Yu, F.: An adaptive strategy via reinforcement learning for the prisoner’s dilemma game. IEEE/CAA J. Automatica Sinica 5(1), 301–310 (2018)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  24. Zhan, Y., Ammar, H.B., Taylor, M.E.: Theoretically-grounded policy advice from multiple teachers in reinforcement learning settings with applications to negative transfer. In: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. IJCAI’16, AAAI Press, pp. 2315–2321 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Wang, H., Huang, T., Liao, X., Abu-Rub, H., Chen, G.: Reinforcement learning for constrained energy trading games with incomplete information. IEEE Trans. Cybern. 47(10), 3404–3416 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Zheng, L., Yang, J., Cai, H., Zhang, W., Wang, J., Yu, Y.: MAgent: A Many-Agent Reinforcement Learning Platform for Artificial Collective Intelligence, pp. 1–2 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Lowe, R., Wu, Y., Tamar, A., Harb, J., Pieter Abbeel, O., Mordatch, I.: Multi-agent actor-critic for mixed cooperative-competitive environments. In: Guyon, I., et al. (eds.) Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30. Curran Associates, Inc. pp. 6379–6390 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Duan, R., Prodan, R., Li, X.: Multi-objective game theoretic scheduling of bag-of-tasks workflows on hybrid clouds. IEEE Trans. Cloud Comput. 2(1), 29–42 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Cui, D., Ke, W., Peng, Z., Zuo, J.: Multiple DAGs Workflow Scheduling Algorithm Based on Reinforcement Learning in Cloud Computing, pp. 305–311. Springer, Singapore (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0356-1_31

    Book  Google Scholar 

  30. Iranpour, E., Sharifian, S.: A distributed load balancing and admission control algorithm based on Fuzzy type-2 and Game theory for large-scale SaaS cloud architectures. Future Generation Comput. Syst. 86 81–98 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Jiahao, W., Zhiping, P., Delong, C., Qirui, L., Jieguang, H.: A Multi-object Optimization Cloud Workflow Scheduling Algorithm Based on Reinforcement Learning, pp. 550–559. Springer, Cham (aug (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95933-7_64

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  32. Guo, S., Liu, J., Yang, Y., Xiao, B., Li, Z.: Energy-efficient dynamic computation offloading and cooperative task scheduling in mobile cloud computing. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 18(2), 319–333 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Mnih, V., et al.: Playing atari with deep reinforcement. Learning 2055, 1–9 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Lai, P., et al.: Optimal edge user allocation in edge computing with variable sized vector bin packing. CoRR abs/1904.05553 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Li, W., Xia, Y., Zhou, M., Sun, X., Zhu, Q.: Fluctuation-aware and predictive workflow scheduling in cost-effective infrastructure-as-a-service clouds. IEEE Access 6, 61488–61502 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Beegom, A.S.A., Rajasree, M.S.: Non-dominated sorting based PSO algorithm for workflow task scheduling in cloud computing systems. J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst. 37(5), 6801–6813 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Mollajafari, M., Shahhoseini, H.S.: Cost-optimized ga-based heuristic for scheduling time-constrained workflow applications in infrastructure clouds using an innovative feasibility-assured decoding mechanism. J. Inf. Sci. Eng. 32(6), 1541–1560 (2016)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

This work is supported in part by Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Province under Grant 2020 JDRC0067.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Peng Chen or Yunni Xia .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Liu, H. et al. (2020). Scheduling Multi-workflows over Edge Computing Resources with Time-Varying Performance, A Novel Probability-Mass Function and DQN-Based Approach. In: Ku, WS., Kanemasa, Y., Serhani, M.A., Zhang, LJ. (eds) Web Services – ICWS 2020. ICWS 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12406. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59618-7_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59618-7_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-59617-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-59618-7

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics