Abstract
Critical tasks directly affect the overall performance of a program, especially in dataflow architecture. The reason is that dependency between tasks in dataflow scenarios is much more complex than those in control-flow scenarios. However, previous works fail to sufficiently accelerate the critical task because most of them only applied optimization for static critical tasks, without considering the runtime status during execution. We propose a critical task aware (CTA) scheduling mechanism for dataflow architecture. By adopting co-optimization of hardware and software, higher execution priorities are assigned to the critical tasks for better scheduling. The experimental results show that our mechanism increases the computational performance by 14%–78%, and increases the power efficiency by 11%–41%.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Akbari, O., Kamal, M., Afzali-Kusha, A., Pedram, M., Shafique, M.: PX-CGRA: polymorphic approximate coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture. In: 2018 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), pp. 413–418. IEEE (2018)
Chen, Y.H., Krishna, T., Emer, J.S., Sze, V.: Eyeriss: an energy-efficient reconfigurable accelerator for deep convolutional neural networks. IEEE J. Solid-State Circ. 52(1), 127–138 (2016)
Chen, Y.H., Yang, T.J., Emer, J., Sze, V.: Eyeriss v2: a flexible accelerator for emerging deep neural networks on mobile devices. IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Circ. Syst. 9(2), 292–308 (2019)
Coons, K.E., Chen, X., Burger, D., McKinley, K.S., Kushwaha, S.K.: A spatial path scheduling algorithm for edge architectures. ACM SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev. 40(5), 129–140 (2006)
Dennis, J.B.: First version of a data flow procedure language. In: Robinet, B. (ed.) Programming Symposium. LNCS, vol. 19, pp. 362–376. Springer, Heidelberg (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-06859-7_145
Fan, D., et al.: SmarCO: an efficient many-core processor for high-throughput applications in datacenters. In: 2018 IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA), pp. 596–607. IEEE (2018)
Fu, H., et al.: Scaling reverse time migration performance through reconfigurable dataflow engines. IEEE Micro 34(1), 30–40 (2013)
Hiraki, K., Sekiguchi, S., Shimada, T.: Efficient vector processing on a dataflow supercomputer sigma-1. In: Supercomputing 1988: Proceedings of the 1988 ACM/IEEE Conference on Supercomputing, vol. I, pp. 374–381. IEEE (1988)
Hoffmann, H.: Stream algorithms and architecture. Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2003)
Jouppi, N.P., et al.: In-datacenter performance analysis of a tensor processing unit. In: Proceedings of the 44th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture, pp. 1–12 (2017)
Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., Hinton, G.E.: ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 1097–1105 (2012)
Kyriacou, C., Evripidou, P., Trancoso, P.: Data-driven multithreading using conventional microprocessors. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 17(10), 1176–1188 (2006)
Lattner, C., Adve, V.: LLVM: a compilation framework for lifelong program analysis & transformation. In: International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization, CGO 2004, pp. 75–86. IEEE (2004)
Long, J., Shelhamer, E., Darrell, T.: Fully convolutional networks for semantic segmentation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 3431–3440 (2015)
Nagarajan, R., Kushwaha, S.K., Burger, D., McKinley, K.S., Lin, C., Keckler, S.W.: Static placement, dynamic issue (SPDI) scheduling for edge architectures. In: Proceedings. 13th International Conference on Parallel Architecture and Compilation Techniques, PACT 2004, pp. 74–84. IEEE (2004)
Oriato, D., Tilbury, S., Marrocu, M., Pusceddu, G.: Acceleration of a meteorological limited area model with dataflow engines. In: 2012 Symposium on Application Accelerators in High Performance Computing, pp. 129–132. IEEE (2012)
Oskin, M.H., Swanson, S.J., Eggers, S.J.: Wavescalar architecture having a wave order memory, uS Patent 7,657,882, 2 February 2010
Pratas, F., Oriato, D., Pell, O., Mata, R.A., Sousa, L.: Accelerating the computation of induced dipoles for molecular mechanics with dataflow engines. In: 2013 IEEE 21st Annual International Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines, pp. 177–180. IEEE (2013)
Rahman, M., Venugopal, S., Buyya, R.: A dynamic critical path algorithm for scheduling scientific workflow applications on global grids. In: Third IEEE International Conference on e-Science and Grid Computing (e-Science 2007), pp. 35–42. IEEE (2007)
Sankaralingam, K., et al.: Exploiting ILP, TLP, and DLP with the polymorphous trips architecture. In: Proceedings of the 30th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture, pp. 422–433. IEEE (2003)
Schulz, M.: Extracting critical path graphs from MPI applications. In: 2005 IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing, pp. 1–10. IEEE (2005)
Son, J.H., Kim, J.S., Kim, M.H.: Extracting the workflow critical path from the extended well-formed workflow schema. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 70(1), 86–106 (2005)
Son, J.H., Kim, M.H.: Analyzing the critical path for the well-formed workflow schema. In: Proceedings Seventh International Conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications, DASFAA 2001, pp. 146–147. IEEE (2001)
Swanson, S., Michelson, K., Schwerin, A., Oskin, M.: WaveScalar. In: Proceedings. 36th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture, MICRO-36, pp. 291–302. IEEE (2003)
Tan, X., et al.: A pipelining loop optimization method for dataflow architecture. J. Comput. Sci. Technol. 33(1), 116–130 (2018)
Tian, Y., Gu, Y., Ekici, E., Ozguner, F.: Dynamic critical-path task mapping and scheduling for collaborative in-network processing in multi-hop wireless sensor networks. In: 2006 International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops (ICPPW 2006), pp. 8-pp. IEEE (2006)
Voitsechov, D., Etsion, Y.: Single-graph multiple flows: energy efficient design alternative for GPGPUs. ACM SIGARCH Comput. Archit. News 42(3), 205–216 (2014)
Ye, X., Fan, D., Sun, N., Tang, S., Zhang, M., Zhang, H.: SimICT: a fast and flexible framework for performance and power evaluation of large-scale architecture. In: International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design (ISLPED), pp. 273–278. IEEE (2013)
Ye, X., et al.: An efficient dataflow accelerator for scientific applications. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 112, 580–588 (2020)
Ye, X., et al.: Applying CNN on a scientific application accelerator based on dataflow architecture. CCF Trans. High Perform. Comput. 1(3–4), 177–195 (2019)
Acknowledgment
This work was supported by the project of the state grid corporation of China in 2020 “Integration technology research and prototype development for high end controller chip” under Grant No. 5700-202041264A-0-0-00.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ou, Y. et al. (2020). CTA: A Critical Task Aware Scheduling Mechanism for Dataflow Architecture. In: Qiu, M. (eds) Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing. ICA3PP 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12452. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60245-1_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60245-1_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-60244-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-60245-1
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)